Yugoslav counter-offensive in Kosovo (1998)

In 1996, the Kosovo Liberation Army began attacking the Yugoslav Army and the Serbian Police in Kosovo. Their goal was to either separate the province from the rest of Yugoslavia or to make it part of Albania. In the beginning, the KLA started with hit-and-run attacks. The group quickly gained popularity among young Kosovo Albanians, many of whom favoured a more aggressive approach and rejected the non-violent resistance of Kosovo president Ibrahim Rugova. The organization received a significant boost in 1997, when a civil war in neighbouring Albania led to thousands of weapons being looted from depots of the Albanian Armed Forces. Many of these weapons ended up in the hands of the KLA. The KLA also received substantial funds from its involvement in drug trades. After the VJ and MUP attacked the compound of KLA leader Adem Jashari in March 1998, the popularity of KLA skyrocketed. The attack motivated thousands of Kosovo Albanians to join the KLA, starting the Albanian uprising that eventually erupted in the spring of 1998. In the summer of 1998 the KLA launched a large scale offensive against Yugoslav forces with the goal of capturing territories in Kosovo and expanding their control. The KLA managed to capture somewhere around 40% of Kosovo which triggered a Yugoslav offensive in mid July. == July–August ==

The Kosovo Liberation Army mounted a full scale assault on the town of Orahovac and the surrounding villages on 17 July, which resulted in the KLA capturing the town. Around the same time, 1,000 KLA soldiers attempted to cross the border, but were ambushed. The fighting ended with 22 casualties on the KLA side, 18 of them being mujahideen, and only 200 militants were able to cross the border, with several others retreating to Albania. Around 25 KLA militants were killed during the battle per KLA sources. On 25 July, Yugoslav forces launched an offensive to retake the village of Lapušnik, and to open up the Priština-Peć motorway. By 27 July, Lapušnik was under Yugoslav control, opening up the Priština-Peć motorway. Around the same time, seven or eight KLA militants were killed while attempting to leave Junik and cross the border. Later on, Yugoslav authorities launched a six-day military offensive on July 28. The offensive had the goal of capturing key portions of Kosovo from the KLA. On 28 July, Yugoslav forces surrounded the town of Junik, trapping 1,000 to 1,500 militants within the town. Goran Ostojić, the chief of staff of the 63rd Parachute Brigade was killed in the operation. 28-29 July, Yugoslav forces under the command of Slobodan Milošević launched an offensive with the goal of retaking the town of Mališevo, which was an important KLA stronghold at the time. The KLA suffered 110 casualties and 10,000 Kosovo Albanians fled the town. On 10 August, Yugoslav forces began an operation to retake the village of Lođa in western Kosovo, near Peć. On 16 August, the last KLA stronghold, the town of Junik was captured by Yugoslav forces, forcing the remaining KLA soldiers to withdraw towards surrounding hills and forests. The next day, 17 August, the village of Lođa was captured by Yugoslav forces, bulldozing all of the 284 houses and the mosque. Yugoslav policemen and soldiers were killed while the KLA suffered 13 losses including several commanders like Bekim Berisha. 12,000 Albanian civilians were displaced and 28 were killed. == September–October ==

On 1 September, Yugoslav forces launched an offensive against KLA strongholds in Prizren. After several days of fighting, they managed to successfully capture several places and KLA strongholds in Prizren. The offensive resulted in a total of 35 casualties on the KLA side. After the offensive in Prizren, Yugoslav forces disarmed Albanian villagers. On 9 September, Yugoslav forces mounted an offensive and captured Prilep, Reznić, Dashinoc, Gložana and Lake Radonjić. On 22 September, Yugoslav forces launched offensive in Central Drenica that lasted until 26 September. Yugoslav forces managed to capture Gladno Selo, Gornje and Donje Obrinje and other places. == Aftermath ==

The Yugoslav offensive was considered a success. Due to the ceasefire in October, the Yugoslav forces withdrew from most of the areas they recaptured from the KLA allowing the KLA to re-establish control in the Albanian-populated areas that didn't have any Yugoslav military presence. Although yugoslav forces and police managed to regain control over Kosovo and largely defeat the KLA by May 1999. The KLA suffered hundreds of deaths during the offensive, according to Serbian historian Aleksandar Logos. The German historian Jens Reuter wrote that the KLA had "lost more than 500 soldiers and key strategic positions as well" during the offensive. The offensive caused the near destruction of the KLA. Logos did not estimate the Yugoslav casualties. Another report from the Humanitarian Law Center recorded the deaths of 24 Yugoslav soldiers and policemen during 22 July and 4 October. As of September 1998, there were 2,000 recorded deaths during the conflict, including civilians. The estimates for displaced Kosovo Albanians varied widely, ranging from 100,000 200,000 and even up to 300,000. == See also ==