The presence of the U.S. Army in Yuma goes back to 1850, when
Fort Yuma was constructed on a hill overlooking the important Yuma crossing of the
Colorado River. Soldiers at Fort Yuma maintained peace and protected the important
Yuma Crossing, which was used by thousands of travelers each year. The Army constructed a second facility in 1865, the
Yuma Quartermaster Depot, to act as a supply base for Army posts throughout Arizona and parts of New Mexico. Supplies were delivered by riverboats and transported from the depot to military outposts by wagon. After Fort Yuma and the Yuma Quartermaster Depot closed in the 1880s, the Army did not return to Yuma on a permanent basis until
World War II. Yuma Proving Ground traces its history to
Camp Laguna and the Army Corps of Engineers Yuma Test Branch, both activated in 1943. Located on the Colorado River, the
Yuma Test Branch conducted testing on
combat bridges,
amphibious vehicles, and boats. Tens of thousands of mechanized and infantry soldiers were trained at
Camp Laguna for duty at combat fronts throughout the world, from
North Africa to the
South Pacific. Abandoned campsites and tank trails can still be found on the proving ground. Camp Laguna lasted only until the end of World War II. The Yuma Test Branch was closed in 1949 and reactivated two years later as the Yuma Test Station, under the operational control of the
Sixth U.S. Army. In 1962, the station was named Yuma Proving Ground and reassigned to the
U.S. Army Materiel Command as an important component of the Test and Evaluation Command. On 26 July 1973, it officially received its full name – U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground. The following year it was designated as a
Department of Defense Major Range and Test Facility Base. Since its early days, Yuma Proving Ground has been a desert environmental test center for all types of military equipment and materiel. However, developmental and a variety of other types of testing of artillery systems and ammunition, aircraft armament and targeting systems, mobility equipment, and air delivery systems, not necessarily desert environmental-related, now comprise the bulk of the workload. A heavy investment in technology and a highly skilled soldier-civilian workforce makes the proving ground a significant social and economic component of the local community. ==Yuma Test Center==