A member of the
Thaqif tribe, he was related to the powerful
governor of Iraq,
al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi, who was a first cousin of his father. In 725–738 he served as governor of the
Yemen, where he suppressed a
Kharijite rebellion, killing its leader, Abbad al-Ru'yani. According to one tradition, he was responsible for the death of the traditionist
Wahb ibn Munabbih during his tenure there. His brother
Qasim also served as governor of the Yemen in the 740s. In 738, Caliph
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik (r. 724–743) appointed Yusuf to the governorship of Iraq, replacing the longtime governor,
Khalid al-Qasri. The reasons behind this move are obscure; Khalid certainly was taken by surprise by the arrival of his replacement, and Yusuf immediately imprisoned Khalid and his sons, and tortured his predecessor to extract his wealth, a practice common during hand-overs of governorships at the time. Khalid was released after 18 months, but when Caliph Hisham died in 743 and was replaced by
al-Walid II (r. 743–744), the latter sold Khalid back to Yusuf for 50 million
dirhams. Yusuf again tortured him until Khalid died in late 743. Yusuf was also responsible for confronting and suppressing the
rebellion of the
Alid Zayd ibn Ali in 740 at
Kufa. Not coincidentally, Yusuf's residence during this tenure was
al-Hira rather than Kufa, which was until then the usual residence of the governor. Himself a "fanatical
Qaysi", Yusuf was largely responsible for the exacerbation of the
Qays–Yaman rivalry and, according to
Khalid Yahya Blankinship, "nearly completed the total breakdown in the ability of the two groups to live in peace in the same state". His appointment marked the shift from a Yamani prevalence under Khalid al-Qasri to a Qays/Mudar dominance, as Yusuf dismissed Khalid's appointees, whom he often mistreated and tortured, and appointed men of Qaysi background in their stead. Yamani hostility deepened further with the handover, murder and death of Khalid al-Qasri, whom the Yamanis had by now come to regard as their champion. The Yamani opposition, in which Khalid's sons played a prominent role, coalesced around
Yazid III, a son of
al-Walid I (r. 705–715). In April 744, Yazid and his supporters entered
Damascus and overthrew al-Walid II, who was soon killed near
Palmyra. Yazid III sent the
Kalbi
Mansur ibn Jumhur to replace Yusuf in Iraq. Yusuf fled to the
Balqa, but was soon captured and imprisoned in Damascus along with al-Walid II's sons. As the civil war widened and the pro-Qays
Marwan II advanced on the city, Yusuf and al-Walid's sons were killed (late 744 or early 745) by Khalid al-Qasri's son
Yazid, on the orders of
Sulayman ibn Hisham. ==References==