Yūsuf ibn Urunbughā al-Zaradkāsh was a Mamluk siege engineer who wrote a treatise in Arabic on the trebuchet, entitled Kitāb anīq fī al-manājanīq, which is "the longest and most profusely illustrated work in any language dealing with the trebuchet". It was addressed to the Mamluk commander-in-chief (atabik) Manglī Bughā al-Shamsī. It contains a prologue and a series of lightly labelled illustrations on the construction and operation of different types of trebuchet. The illustrations go beyond just trebuchets and include other siege weapons, gunpowder weapons, projectiles and fortresses. In describing an arrow-shooting artillery piece mounted on a stand, Zaradkāsh gives the composition of gunpowder as 10 dirhams of potassium nitrate, 1.125 of sulphur and 2.5 of charcoal.