Zhang Chunhua was from Pinggao County (平臯縣),
Henei Commandery (河內郡), which is present-day
Wen County, Henan. She was born in the late
Eastern Han dynasty. Her father, Zhang Wang (張汪), served as the Prefect of Suyi County (粟邑縣) in the state of
Cao Wei during the
Three Kingdoms period. Her mother, whose maiden family name was "Shan" (山), was a grandaunt of
Shan Tao, one of the
Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove. In her youth, Zhang Chunhua was already known for her good moral conduct, intelligence and wisdom. Zhang Chunhua married
Sima Yi and bore him three sons –
Sima Shi,
Sima Zhao and
Sima Gan (司馬幹). She also bore him a daughter whose personal name was not recorded in history, but was historically known as Princess Nanyang (南陽公主) of the
Jin dynasty. Princess Nanyang was the wife of Xun Yi, a grandson of
Xun Yu. Sometime before 208, when the warlord
Cao Cao wanted to recruit him to serve in the government, Sima Yi lied that he suffered from
paralysis and stayed at home. One day, while Sima Yi was drying his books under the sun, there was a sudden downpour, so he immediately rushed out to collect his books. One of his maids saw what happened. Zhang Chunhua was worried that the maid would leak out news that Sima Yi was well and get their family into trouble, so she killed the maid to silence her. She then personally prepared meals for the family. Sima Yi was very impressed with her. In his later years, Sima Yi favoured his concubine Lady Bai (柏夫人; mother of
Sima Lun) and started neglecting Zhang Chunhua. Once, when Sima Yi was ill, Zhang Chunhua visited him, and he said to her, "Old creature, your looks are disgusting! Why do you even bother to visit me?" Zhang Chunhua became angry and attempted to starve herself to death. Their sons did so too. Sima Yi was so shocked that he immediately apologised to his wife and reconciled with her. Sima Yi later secretly told someone, "It doesn't matter if that old creature died. I was actually worried about my boys!" Zhang Chunhua died sometime between 22 May and 19 June 247 at the age of 59 (by
East Asian age reckoning). She was buried at the Gaoyuan Mausoleum (高原陵; somewhere in present-day
Yanshi,
Luoyang, Henan). The Wei emperor
Cao Fang granted her the
posthumous title "Lady of Guangping County" (廣平縣君). In 264, during the reign of
Cao Huan, she was given the posthumous name "Consort Xuanmu". In February 266, Sima Yi's grandson
Sima Yan forced Cao Huan to abdicate in his favour and established the
Jin dynasty to replace the state of Cao Wei. Sima Yan became emperor and he posthumously honoured his grandmother as "Empress Xuanmu". ==In popular culture==