Wudubu was a son of
Wanyan Yungong (), a son of
Emperor Shizong. He was a nephew of
Wanyan Yongji, his predecessor as emperor. His mother was
Lady Liu (), a concubine of Wanyan Yungong. In 1178, he was enfeoffed as the "Duke of Wen" (). In 1186, he chose for himself the
sinicized name "Xun" (). In 1189, he was promoted to "Prince of Feng" (). In 1196, his princely title was changed to "Prince of Yi" (). In 1205, he changed his sinicized name to "Congjia" (). His princely titles were subsequently changed again, to "Prince of Xing" () and then "Prince of Sheng" (). In the eighth month of 1213, the general
Heshilie Zhizhong (紇石烈執中; also known as Hushahu 胡沙虎) rebelled against the emperor, Wanyan Yongji, and assassinated him. Hushahu then installed Wanyan Congjia on the throne to replace Wanyan Yongji. As Wanyan Congjia was stationed in
Hebei at the time, Hushahu chose Wanyan Congjia's eldest son,
Wanyan Shouzhong (完顏守忠), to temporarily serve as
jianguo (監國;
regent) in the capital,
Zhongdu (中都; present-day
Xicheng and
Fengtai districts of
Beijing). In the ninth month, Wanyan Congjia returned to Zhongdu and was crowned emperor; he is thus historically known as Emperor Xuanzong of the Jin dynasty. He appointed Hushahu as Grand Tutor (太師), Chief Imperial Secretary (尙書令), and Marshal of the Capital (都元帥), in addition to enfeoffing him as "Prince of Ze" (澤王). Shortly after his ascension, Emperor Xuanzong adopted the
regnal name "Zhenyou" (貞祐). He also changed his sinicised name back from "Congjia" to "Xun". In the tenth month, Hushahu was assassinated by Zhuhu Gaoqi (朮虎高琪), another general, due to political infighting. Emperor Xuanzong pardoned Zhuhu Gaoqi and appointed him as Left Deputy Marshal (左副元帥). In the fall of 1213, the
Mongols, under the leadership of
Genghis Khan, split their forces into three groups to
attack the Jin dynasty. They conquered nearly all the prefectures and counties in
Hebei; only 11 cities, including Zhongdu, Zhending Prefecture (眞定府; around present-day
Zhengding County, Hebei Province), Daming Prefecture (大名府; around present-day
Daming County, Hebei Province) did not fall to the Mongols. In the third month of 1214, the Jin dynasty succeeded in negotiating for peace with the Mongols. However, on 27 June, Emperor Xuanzong left Zhongdu and moved the Jin capital southward to Bianjing (汴京; present-day
Kaifeng, the old Song dynasty capital in
Henan Province); the court reached Bianjing about two months later. The Mongols were angered, so they waged war against the Jin dynasty again. On 31 May 1215, Zhongdu fell to the Mongols. In the tenth month, the warlord
Puxian Wannu rebelled against the Jin dynasty, and declared himself king of the
Eastern Xia regime in
Liaodong. In early 1220, Emperor Xuanzong had Zhuhu Gaoqi executed after Zhuhu Gaoqi's repeated failures to repel the Mongols, and also because Zhuhu Gaoqi eventually planned on rebelling. Emperor Xuanzong's foreign policy towards the other states was a direct cause of the fall of the Jin dynasty. Firstly, he agreed to submit to Genghis Khan in return for peace between the Mongols and Jin dynasty. Secondly, he severed ties between the Jin dynasty and its ally,
Western Xia. Thirdly, he ignored the advice of his
chancellor,
Tushan Yi (徒單鎰), and other ministers, and moved his capital from Zhongdu to Bianjing. Fourthly, he waged war against the
Southern Song dynasty. These actions resulted in the Jin dynasty having to fight wars on three different fronts. Furthermore, they resulted in domestic instability and rebellions, which contributed even more to the decay of the Jin dynasty. Emperor Xuanzong died in 1224. He was succeeded by his second son,
Wanyan Shouxu (Emperor Aizong). He was posthumously honored with the
temple name "Xuanzong," and was buried in the Deling Mausoleum (德陵) in present-day
Kaifeng,
Henan Province. ==Family==