Zinc bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate)

Known as ziram in agriculture, it was introduced in the United States in 1960 as a broad-spectrum fungicide. It was used to address scab on apples and pears, leaf curl in peaches, and anthracnose and blight in tomatoes. In 1981, additional uses for ziram were approved, including the prevention of leaf blight and scab on almonds, shot-hole in apricots, brown rot and leaf spot in cherries, and scab and anthracnose in pecans. Ziram also began to be used on residential ornaments as a bird and mammal repellent. Alternatively, ziram is used as an additive ingredient in industrial adhesives, caulking, and paint. It also serves as a bird and mammal repellent on outdoor ornamental items. ==Chemistry==

The compound is a prototypical zinc dithiocarbamate, a broad class of coordination complexes with the formulae Zn(R2NCS2)2, where R can be varied. Such compounds are produced by treating zinc and dithiocarbamate (R2NCS2−), as illustrated with dimethyldithiocarbamate: :2 (CH3)2NCS2− + Zn2+ → Zn((CH3)2NCS2)2 Annually, approximately 1.9 million pounds of the active ziram ingredient are used. Ziram is often sold in powder or granule form. Zinc bis(diethyldithiocarbamate) complexes degrade thermally to give zinc sulfide. Structure File:NAFQUGEtMedtcskewview.png|thumb|class=bg-transparent|Structure of the ethyl-methyl carbamate derivative [Zn(S2CNEtMe)2]2. Each Zn center is in a distorted pentacoordinate site, with four Zn–S bonds of 2.3 Å length and one Zn–S interaction is over 2.8 Å in length. Mono-zinc derivatives are obtained by adding strong ligands (L) such as amines, which give adducts Zn(S2CNR2)2L. ==Ecological effects==

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has concluded that ziram poses a low toxicity risk to mammals, a moderate risk to birds, and a high risk to aquatic species. After reviewing studies that investigated the effect of ziram on aquatic organisms, the Pesticide Action Network Pesticide Database concluded that its LC50 dose (amount of pesticide that is lethal to 50% of the test organisms within the stated study time) for amphibians places it in the "highly toxic" category. ==See also==