By place Byzantine Empire •
November 22 – Emperor
Isaac I Komnenos falls ill on a hunt and retires to a monastery after a 2-year reign. He abdicates the Byzantine throne and appoints
Constantine X, a
Paphlagonian nobleman, as his successor. • Fall – The
Magyars cross the
Danube River, together with several
Pecheneg tribes, but are halted by Byzantine forces (approximate date).
Europe •
Peter Krešimir IV is crowned king of
Croatia and
Dalmatia. His coronation is recognised by the
Byzantine Empire who confirm him as the supreme ruler of the Dalmatian cities, i.e. over the
Theme of Dalmatia – excluding the theme of
Ragusa and the Duchy of
Durazzo. •
August 23 –
Robert Guiscard, count of
Apulia and Calabria, signs the
Treaty of Melfi with Pope
Nicholas II. Nicholas recognises the
Norman conquest of southern Italy, and accepts the titles of Guiscard as duke of
Sicily.
Seljuk Empire •
Alp Arslan succeeds his father
Chaghri Beg as governor of
Khorasan. He crosses with a Seljuk expeditionary force the upper
Halys River and plunders the
Theme of Sebasteia (modern
Turkey).
By topic Religion •
January 24 –
Pope Nicholas II succeeds
Stephen IX as the 155th
pope of the
Catholic Church. He is installed in
Rome in opposition to Antipope
Benedict X – the brother of the late Pope
Benedict IX (deposed in
1048). •
April 13 – Nicholas II, with the agreement of the
Lateran Council, issues the
papal bull In nomine Domini, making the
College of Cardinals the sole voters in the
papal conclave for the election of popes. == Births ==