By place Levant • Spring –
Raymond of Poitiers, son of the late Duke
William IX of
Aquitaine, arrives at
Antioch. Patriarch
Ralph of Domfront (against the wishes of Princess
Alice) arranges a marriage in secret with her 8-year-old daughter
Constance. She is kidnapped and taken to the
cathedral in Antioch, where Ralph hastily marries her to Raymond. Alice leaves the city, now under the control of Raymond and Ralph, and retires to
Latakia,
Syria. •
August 17 –
Al-Rashid is deposed after a 1-year reign and flees to
Isfahan (modern
Iran). He is succeeded by his uncle
Al-Muqtafi who becomes the new caliph of the
Abbasid Caliphate in
Baghdad (until
1160).
Europe •
May 28 – In Russia, the people of
Novgorod depose and imprison Prince
Vsevolod of Pskov. Novgorod asserts its independence from
Kiev, but accepts protection from neighboring
Kievan princes. In July, Vsevolod along with his wife and family are released (they are
exiled to an uncle in Kiev). • Summer – Emperor
Lothair III invades southern
Italy in response to the appeal of Emperor
John II Komnenos (see
1135) and conquers
Apulia from King
Roger II of Sicily. Duke
Grimoald of
Bari, supported by Lothair III, rebels against Roger. •
December 14 – King
Harald IV of Norway is murdered by
Sigurd Slembe, an illegitimate son of the late King
Magnus Barefoot. He is succeeded by his sons
Inge I ("the Hunchback) and his 3-year-old half-brother
Sigurd II.
Britain • Spring – King
David I of Scotland invades northern
England and captures many of the major towns including
Carlisle and
Newcastle. In response, King
Stephen raises an army (with
Flemish mercenaries), and marches to
Durham. David agrees to negotiate a peace between the two countries. •
February 5 –
Treaty of Durham: A
peace treaty is signed by Stephen and David I. The Scots are allowed to keep Carlisle and a part of
Cumberland in return for stopping their advance. David refuses an
oath of allegiance, as his loyalties rest with
Matilda (daughter of the late King
Henry I). • October –
Battle of Crug Mawr (Great Barrow): King
Owain Gwynedd (styled "
Prince of Wales") defeats the Norman and Flemish forces under
Robert Fitz Martin, securing the control of
Ceredigion (
West Wales).
Africa • The city of
Béjaïa (modern
Algeria) repels a
Genoan naval assault.
Asia • Sultan
Mudzaffar Shah I establishes the
Kedah Sultanate at Qodah Darul Aman (modern-day
Kedah Darul Aman,
Malaysia).
By topic Arts and Culture • The
Basilica of Saint-Denis is completed to designs by Abbot
Suger in
Paris,
France. •
Peter Abelard writes the
Historia Calamitatum, detailing his relationship with
Heloise.
Religion •
Hildegard of Bingen becomes
abbess of the
Benedictine monastery of
Disibodenberg, upon the death of
Jutta von Sponheim. • Worship at the original
Glasgow Cathedral in Scotland begins. •
Melrose Abbey (located in the
Scottish Borders) is founded by
Cistercian monks at the request of David. == Births ==