By place Europe •
A civil war breaks out on
Gotland between the burghers of
Visby and the rural farmers of Gotland; while the exact reason for this war is unknown, the most likely reason is the construction of a large wall around Visby, and the introduction of a toll, which the farmers were forced to pay. •
June 5 –
War of the Limburg Succession –
Battle of Worringen: Brabantian forces under Duke
John I defeat the coalition army of
Cologne,
Luxemburg, and
Nassau at
Worringen (in a struggle to conquer the
Duchy of Limburg). John liberates the city of
Cologne from rule by the
Electorate of Cologne, which has previously been one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the
Holy Roman Empire. • Summer – Sultan
Muhammad II drives the rebellious
Banu Ashqilula from one stronghold to the next, where they are finally expelled from Granadan territory in
Al-Andalus (modern
Spain). Meanwhile, Muhammad manages through diplomatic intrigue, to turn the Castilian aristocracy against King
Sancho IV. In response, King
Alfonso III proclaims the 18-year-old
Alfonso de la Cerda as ruler of
Castile and
León. •
August 8 – Pope
Nicholas IV proclaims a crusade against the 26-year-old King
Ladislaus IV, who had lost credibility by favoring his semi-pagan Cuman subjects in
Hungary, and in general refusing to conform to the social standards of
Western Europe. Meanwhile, the Hungarian government loses more power because the clergy and most of the nobles rule the kingdom independently. •
October 28 –
Treaty of Canfranc: King
Edward I signs an agreement with Alfonso III at
Canfranc, about the release of
Charles II, who has been captured by Admiral
Roger of Lauria in the
Battle of the Gulf of Naples (see
1284).
England and Scotland •
January 20 –
Newcastle Emlyn Castle in West
Wales is recaptured by the English forces after a ten-day siege, bringing
Rhys ap Maredudd's revolt to an end. Rhys is exiled to
Ireland. • The
Parliament of Scotland creates a law allowing women to propose marriage to men during
leap years; men who refuse such proposals are required to pay a fine to the spurned bride-to-be.
Levant • Spring –
Genoa orders Admiral
Benedetto Zaccaria to send five galleys to support Genoese suzerainty of
Tripoli. Princess
Lucia, sister of the late Count
Bohemond VII, arrives in
Acre, where the
Knights Hospitaller escort her to the frontier with Tripoli. The
commune refuses to accept her as new ruler and places the city under Genoese protection. After negotiations, Lucia offers to confirm Genoa's existing commercial privileges in Tripoli.
Asia •
April 9 –
Battle of Bạch Đằng:
Đại Việt (
Vietnamese) general
Trần Hưng Đạo sinks the fleet of an invading Mongol-led Yuan expeditionary army (some 94,000 men). He orders the placing of steel-tipped bamboo stakes (to create an ambush) in the
Bach Dang River near
Ha Long Bay. This ends the intentions of
Kublai Khan to conquer Vietnam and
Champa. • April – The Japanese era
Kōan ends and the
Shōō era begins during the reign of the 22-year-old Emperor
Fushimi (until
1293).
By topic Art and culture • The oldest surviving
bell, in the clocks atop the dome of
St. Peter's Basilica in
Rome, is built. • Work is begun on the construction of
Mob Quad in
Merton College, Oxford.
Markets •
June 16 –
Petrus, bishop of
Västerås, buys 1/8 of the
Stora Kopparberg copper mine in
Falun,
Sweden. During the reign of King
Magnus Ladulås, nobles and foreign merchants from
Lübeck take interests in the mining area. • The Flemish city of
Ghent seeks rights to start redeeming its already issued annuities. It is a clear indication of financial difficulty, and maybe an early sign of the crisis of the 13th Century.
Religion •
February 22 – Nicholas IV is elected as the successor of the late
Honorius IV (see
1287) during a
conclave in Rome and becomes the 191st pope of the
Catholic Church. • March–April –
Rabban Bar Sauma, Chinese Nestorian monk and diplomat, arrives at Rome and is received by Nicholas IV, who gives him communion on
Palm Sunday.
Technology • The oldest-known
bronze handgun in the world is dated to this year, a Chinese gun found in
Acheng District, that was once used to suppress the rebellion of the Mongol prince
Nayan. == Births ==