Second World War The unit was constituted in North Africa from volunteers of other foreign units stationed there. The unit was then commanded by lieutenant-colonel
Raoul Magrin-Vernerey and was initially composed of two battalions: • The 1er bataillon –
Chef de bataillon (CBA) Guéninchault – Sidi bel-Abbès • The 2e bataillon – Chef de bataillon (CBA) Boyer Ressès – Fez Starting 13 May 1940, the unit took part in the
Norwegian Campaign in the corps commanded by
Général Béthouart, fighting in
Bjerkvik and
Narvik. The operation was a success, however, with the
invasion of France, the unit was obliged to repatriate to the national territory. Losses in Norway were 8 Officers, and 93 Legionnaires including Chef de Bataillon Guéninchault. The unit disembarked in Brittany on 4 June to reinforce the proposed national redoubt(). On 21 June, the survivors of the demi-brigade embarked for Scotland. Those troops which did not heed the
Appeal of 18 June () joined other units of the French Scandinavian Expeditionary Corps () in the region of
Trentham. Adhering to this
appeal, recently promoted captain
Pierre Kœnig adjoint (assistant) of lieutenant-colonel
Raoul Magrin-Vernerey, convinced the latter to head to London, where they met
Général De Gaulle. Magrin-Vernerey met with
Général Antoine Béthouart, chief 1st
Chasseurs Division of the French Scandinavian Expeditionary Corps (), who allowed him to meet the men at the garrisoned camp on the night of 30 June. Out of the 1,619 Legionnaires present on 28 June 1940, a little less than 900 rallied to Free France (), the others joined Morocco under the command of Général Béthouard. Joining later the camp, where were regrouped the garrisoned
Free French Forces, the 13e DBLE participated to the 14 July parade in London. The units of the
Free French Forces took temporarily, between 1 July 1940 and 2 November 1940, the designation of 14th Demi-Brigade of the Foreign Legion 14e DBLE, while composed of the following: • Headquarters staff commanded by commandant Alfred Maurice Cazaud () • 3 combat units • 1 support unit The demi-brigade had a strength of 25 officers, 102 NCOs and 702 other ranks. At the end of September 1940, the unit participated in the
Battle of Dakar against Dakar. Following the failure of the landing in Senegal, the unit finished by disembarking, under the command of lieutenant-colonel Cazaud, in Equatorial French Africa () to partake, in November 1940, to the
Battle of Gabon () and the rallying of Gabon to Free France (), under the command of
général de Larminat. The unit accordingly assumed its original denomination, and at the corps of the
French Orient Brigade, the unit circled Africa and disembarked at Port Soudan on 12 February 1941 to take part in combats in the
East African Campaign. The brigade accordingly distinguished itself during the
Battle of Keren, on 27 March 1941, then Massaoua on 8 April 1941. In the following month, the unit joined Palestine in order to participate to the
Syria–Lebanon Campaign. The demi-brigade entered into Syria on 8 June and following harsh combats, managed to enter into Damascus on 21 June. On 6 September 1941, lieutenant-colonel prince
Amilakvari assumed command of the unit. In December, the 2nd battalion (commandant René Babonneau ()) and 3rd battalion made way to North Africa where the unit, at the corps of the
Koenig Brigade, front faced the forces of the
Afrika Korps. Promoted to in September 1941, excellent instructor of men, René Babonneau assumed command of the 2nd Battalion, which at
Bir Hakeim, on 27 May 1942, held back more than 70 tanks of the division Ariete, by destroying 35 out of them. His battalion received a citation at the orders of the armed forces. Remaining at the rear to uphold the unfolding, on the night of 10–11 June 1942 he was made prisoner and transferred to Italy, where he twice attempted to escape. From May to June 1942, a part of the unit was successful at
Bir Hakeim. This would be the occasion for
Pierre Messmer, captain commanding a company to write later, a book:
The Lost Patrol (). Then the "13e" took part to the
Second Battle of El Alamein, during which the commanding officer of the unit -
Dimitri Amilakhvari - was killed. During the assembly of the
1st Free French Division (1re DFL), beginning of 1943, the DBLE disappeared as far as a troop corps and the three constituting units (1er BLE, 2e BLE and the anti-tank company) were incorporated into the 1st Brigade of the Division. inspecting the 13th Demi-Brigade in
Rome, Italy, 28 June 1944 The unit later engaged in combat at the corps of the
French Expeditionary Corps then
disembarked in Provence within the cadre of
Operation Dragoon in mid-August 1944. The demi-brigade took part in the Liberation of France () as part of the
1st Free French Division (
1st Army) (), notably during the course of the Battle of the Vosges (). During late 1944, a nominally
Ukrainian battalion of the FFI – composed of recent defectors from the
30th Waffen SS Grenadier Division — was attached to the 13th Demi-Brigade. Two groups from the SS division had defected to the FFI on 27 August. One included 818 Ukrainians based at Vesoul, under the direction of Major Lev (Leon) Hloba, who had shot their German officers and surrendered to the Haute-Saône arm of the FFI in the Confracourt Woods. They brought with them 45-mm antitank guns, 82-mm and 50-mm mortars, 21 heavy machine guns, as well as large amounts of small arms and small-caliber ammunition. That same day, a similar defection occurred near Camp Valdahon – hundreds of men brought with them an antitank gun, eight heavy machine guns, four mortars, and small arms and ammunition. The unit suffered heavy casualties during fighting in March and April. On 14 April the Dien Bien Phu garrison reported that I/13e DBLE was reduced to 354 effectives and III/13e DBLE was reduced to 80 effectives. On 30 April, the legionnaires at Dien Bien Phu celebrated the anniversary of the Legion's historic
Battle of Camarón (). The celebration took place at the 13e DBLE command post where Lieutenant-colonel Lemeunier read the traditional Camarón proclamation over a radio hook-up that could be heard throughout Dien Bien Phu. The 13e DBLE was the only French unit present at Dien Bien Phu that saved one of its
battle flags from destruction or capture. The
guidon of 4th Company, III/13e DBLE was initially captured by the Việt Minh during the assault on "Béatrice" on 13 March. On 19 May, while the Việt Minh were celebrating
Ho Chi Minh's birthday, Sergeant Beres, a Hungarian legionnaire serving with
1st Foreign Parachute Battalion (
1er B.E.P), crawled into a Việt Minh command post and rescued the flag. The seriously wounded Beres was evacuated by helicopter from Dien Bien Phu on 24 May with the guidon hidden under his clothes. During its 9-year service in Indochina (1946–1955), the 13e DBLE suffered 2,721 killed in action (2334 Legionnaires, 307 Warrant Officers, 80 Officers). This included two commanding officers – Lieutenant-colonel Brunet de Sairigné and Lieutenant-colonel Gaucher.
Algeria War ruins at
Lambaesis, in 1958 in a ceremonial revue. The Legionnaires with
MAS 36, Officers and Sous-Officiers with submachine guns
MAT-49. Holstered arms were probably
MAC Mle 1950.
Garde du Drapeau and
Fanions at attention. In 1955, the 13e DBLE was found back on the African continent. Engaged in the operations of maintaining order (), the regiment disembarked in Tunisia on 28 June 1955. Based in Guelma, the regiment radiated in Constantinois, North and South in the Nemencha. Hiding places were found but no combatants. Accordingly, the phase of "pacification" commenced. The 13e DBLE constructed or restored posts: Khsirane. The fight followed in the djebels, marked by hard combats: Zaouia, Bou Zakadane, Ouindj, djebel Seike. In July 1957, a combatant group of the
ALN was destroyed. Leaving then Nemenchta, the 13e DBLE reduced to two battalions garrisoned at Aurès. Steep peaks were succeeded by wooded
massifs. At the beginning of 1958, three combats against the ALN, obliged the latter to refuse to get in contact, and accordingly reacted by taking up violence on the civilian population. Nearly 800 families came, in the middle of the winter, and massed around the post of Bou Hamama. Accordingly, On 7 May 1958, the unit responded and combat engaged at Oued Kelaa with firm resolution. In October 1958, the 13e DBLE became an intervention regiment. The regiment was articulated into eight combat companies, including the mounted company, support company, employed at the exception, as companies of
Fusiliers–
Voltigeurs. Two tactical headquarter staff (EMT) mounted several companies on demand. In general, the first three were subordinated to FEMTI, the 4,5,6 to FEMT2, the CP and CA often in support of one or the other EMT. The composition number was 1778 men : 57 Officers, 249 Sous-Officiers and 1472 men. Such was put into effect for the officers due to a dozen of volunteers, out of which three were from the medical service, and lesser than a couple of dozens for the sous-officiers and the legionnaires. They had of a little harka, which was dissolved in June 1961. The mission of this itinerary unit covered all Algeria, in a series of operations: « Emeraude », « Dordogne », « Georgevie », « Isère ». From Kabylie to the
Atlas Mountains, Algiers to the Challe Line () designated as « Barrage est » at the Tunisian frontiers, then in the Aurès, where on 10 February 1961, the unit placed out of combat some 49 combatants and recuperated some 29 arms. The unit made way back to the « Bec de Canard », on the « Barrage est », where operations, patrols and ambushes succeeded until the end of combats in March 1962. At the independence of Algeria, the regiment left 214 tombs.
1962–1977 A first detachment joined Bougie () to be embarked at the end of April 1962, destination
French Somaliland () (Actual Republic of Djibouti). Progressively, the remainder units would follow. The regimental colors arrived on the territory on 15 October of the same year. The companies disembarked one after the other in the new lieu. Having not known peace for the last 22 years since existence, the "13e" was at last able to justify reputation as "bâtisseur" which other units in the Legion rejoiced of. The unit constructed and ameliorated various existing posts: • The CCAS garrisoned at Gabode; • The 1st company at Dikhil; • The 2nd company at Gabode (works company); • The 3rd company at Ali Sabieh; • The 4th company at Holl-Holl; • The ER (Reconnaissance squadron) at Oueah. During this époque, the numbers in the regiment reached almost those of a sizeable battalion. On 1 October 1968, the regiment integrated a reconnaissance squadron. The 1st company ceded the respective lieu of implementation and went on to garrison in Dikhil. The 2nd company left Obock, took the denomination of 2nd works company (2e CT) and joined the headquarter staff and the CCAS at Gabode, Djibouti headquarters. On 25 August 1966, the President of the Republic, général
de Gaulle, visited the territory. The units of the regiment in parade uniform rendered the respective honors of homage. Following the appearance of a banderole reclaiming the territory, manifestations were launched, and the sections of the 2nd company intervened in their parade uniform at 2000 and 2200 respectively. A dozen of ranked and legionnaires were wounded in the confrontation which caused officially thirty-six wounded with forces of the order and nineteen wounded with the manifesting groups. The next day, after the death of two manifesting individuals in the morning, at 1400, the regimental commander received the order to evacuate the place
Lagarde where général de Gaulle was supposed to pronounce his speech. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th companies as well as two section of the CCAS were designated. The place was cleared in twenty five minutes starting at 1620. The confrontations continued at the level of blocked « Bender » by forces of the police reinforced by the Legion. In total, there were one killed and forty-six wounded in the forces of the order, three killed and two hundred and thirty eight wounded among the manifesting contingents. The following days, a cover fire was established on the « ville indigène », which was quarantined and searched by patrols. Starting 14 September, the « 13e » as well as the
5th Inter-arm Oure-Mer Regiment () installed a barrage which encircled the town to filter the exit and entry points. Composed of rows of barbed wire («») and miradors stretching over 14 kilometers, this barrier was maintained until the independence and beyond. The number of individuals killed trying to cross it remains undetermined. On 20 March 1967, the following day of a referendum on the autonomy of the territory, independent manifestations were suppressed again by the men of the 3rd company. The end of 1967 and the year of 1968 were again occasions of numerous tensions and operations of maintaining order. In 1976, the regiment and notably the reconnaissance squadron intervened during the Loyada Hostage Rescue Mission ().
1977–2011 Following the independence of the Republic of Djibouti in 1977, the 13e DBLE participated regularly to military or humanitarian missions at the profit of the territories or in the Horn of Africa. In 1979, the 4th company was dissolved. Their post of
Holl-Holl was ceded to the National Army of Djibouti (AND). The regiment then consisted of only the 3rd company, the 2e CT, the CCAS, the squadron and a company of the
2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment 2e REP on a 4-month rotation, based in
Arta. The operational engagements succeeded. In May 1991 the regiment assured the control of country's border, which were submerged by a massive influx of refugees coming from Ethiopia, while simultaneously rescue collecting some, welcoming others and disarming an Ethiopian division (Operation Godoria (). In March 1992, it would be the turn of Operation Iskoutir (). In December 1992, its Operation Oryx (), in Somalia, then a couple of month later, Operations of the United Nations in Somalia (), where the legionnaires of the "13e" served for a first time in their history under the
Blue-Helmets () of the
United Nations U.N. In June 1994, the third company was rushed to Rwanda within the cadre of Operation Turquoise () and the regiment participated also to Operation Diapason () in Yemen. During the same year, in May, the COMPARA (paratrooper company), stationed in Arta and which was armed by the
2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment 2e REP was dissolved.
armored car of the 13th Demi-Brigade of the Foreign Legion in
Djibouti. It is convenient to add to all these operations, of the punctual assistance brought forth by the regiment to the young Republic during natural catastrophic disasters which saved the latter regularly. The legionnaires intervened also within the cadres of assuming relief measures, facing flooding disasters, but also facing dryness, to aid humanly populations affected harshly by weather circumstances as well. The 2e CT (works company) was regularly placed on call to execute diverse works, including various numerous constructions on the territory. The commemorative steles of the Legion marked the efforts of a section which worked for collective goals and these commemorations can be seen across all routes of the territory. in addition, this last specialty, the 2eCT would assume the denomination of 2e CAT (support and works company) by adding two support sections, one composed of six 120 mm mortars and the other section composed of 8 missile launcher posts. This company was dissolved in 1998 to give place to a turning engineer company armed by the legionnaires of the
1st Foreign Engineer Regiment 1e REG, then the
2nd Foreign Engineer Regiment 2e REG. In 2000, it is the turn of the 3rd infantry company to disappear, also replaced by a turning company, armed however alternatively by units of the
2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment 2e REI and
2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment 2e REP. This last infantry company of the "13e" had a unique character. In fact, at the instar of the companies of the
2e REP, each section had a specialty. The command section consisted of an 81 mm mortar group. The 1st section perfected the savoire-faire in the domain of sabotage and manipulation of explosives. The 2nd section regrouped the reconnaissance divers which were charged with infiltration missions by maritime means utilizing pneumatic boats or palms. The 3rd section regrouped the elite snipers of the regiment, equipping 12.7 mm Barret and 7.62 mm FRF2. The 4th section, consisted of five
Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé VABs out of which two were equipped with 20 mm cannons. In 2001, the maintenance company of French Forces stationed in Djibouti () was attached to the Demi-Brigade. In 2002, elements of the regiments were projected to the Ivory Coast within the cadre of
Operation Unicorn (). After an intervention of a humanitarian character, where a section of the engineers were projected to
Indonesia in 2005 (Opération Béryx (), to assist and aid the victims of
2014 earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean (), the "13e" revived operational capacities in March 2007. The tactical headquarter staff, the infantry company and an engineer detachment were sent in urgency, north of the Central African Republic to secure and contain the propagation of violence in the zone of the three frontiers (Tchad, RCA, Soudan) to Birao. In addition, the legionnaires of the unit are, since the beginning of the years 2000, regularly engaged under form of instruction operational detachment () (DIO) assisting neighboring countries (
Ethiopia,
Uganda,
United Arab Emirates,
Qatar,
Kuwait and numerous others).
2011–2015: United Arab Emirates On 31 July 2011, the 13e DBLE left Djibouti and garrisoned in the
United Arab Emirates at
Camp de la Paix, the French military implementation in the United Arab Emirates, as a result of a defense cooperation agreement with France. This move was at the occasion of restructuring, the unit passing from a unit status of combat operational arm to that of a projected support force unit. The unit also bridged operations around the region in 2012 (Operation Tamour () in Jordan) and sent a quick detachment of almost 50 personnel to assist the counter-terrorism units of Iraq.
Since 2016: Camp du Larzac On 30 July 2015, the transfert of the 13e DBLE at Camp du Larzac in Aveyron, was announced in 2016. As of January 2016, with a demi-command company and logistics (CCL), two combat companies, numbers will pass from 69 to 390 then 450 legionnaires, followed in 2017 with the remainder of the CCL and two other combat companies, and in 2018 of a fifth combat company and the company of reconnaissance and support. In 2022, the composition is about 1300 legionnaires at in five combat companies, one support company (CCL), and one reconnaissance and support company. == Organization ==