Kerns H. Powers, a member of the
SMPTE Working Group on High-Definition Electronic Production, first proposed the 16:9 (1.7:1) aspect ratio in 1984. The popular choices in 1980 were
4:3 (based on TV standard's ratio at the time), 15:9 (5:3) (the European "flat" 1.6:1 ratio), 1.85:1 (the American "flat" ratio) and 2.35:1 (the
CinemaScope/
Panavision) ratio for
anamorphic widescreen. Powers cut out rectangles with equal areas, shaped to match each of the popular aspect ratios. When overlapped with their center points aligned, he found that all of those aspect ratio rectangles fit within an outer rectangle with an aspect ratio of 1.7:1 and all of them also covered a smaller common inner rectangle with the same aspect ratio 1.78:1. The value found by Powers is exactly the
geometric mean of the extreme aspect ratios, 4:3 and 2.40:1, \textstyle \sqrt{\frac{47}{15}}≈1.77 which is coincidentally close to 16:9. Applying the same geometric mean technique to 16:9 and 4:3 yields an aspect ratio of around 1.54:1, sometimes approximated as
14:9 (1.5:1), which is likewise used as a compromise between these ratios. While 16:9 (1.7:1) was initially selected as a compromise format, the subsequent popularity of HD broadcast has solidified 16:9 as perhaps the most common video aspect ratio in use. Most 4:3 (1.3:1) and 21:9 video is now recorded using a "
shoot and protect" technique that keeps the main action within a 16:9 (1.7:1) inner rectangle to facilitate 16:9 conversion and viewing. Conversely it is quite common to use a technique known as center-cutting, to approach the challenge of presenting material shot (typically 16:9) to both an HD and legacy 4:3 audience simultaneously without having to compromise image size for either audience. Content creators frame critical content or graphics to fit within the 1.33:1 raster space. This has similarities to a filming technique called
open matte. In 1993, the
European Union instituted the
16:9 Action Plan, to accelerate the development of the advanced television services in 16:9 aspect ratio, both in
PALplus (compatible with regular
PAL broadcasts) and also in
HD-MAC (an early HD format). The Community fund for the
16:9 Action Plan amounted to €228,000,000. Over a long period in the late 2000s and early 2010s, the computer industry switched from 4:3 to
16:10 (1.60:1) and then to 16:9 as the most common aspect ratio for monitors and laptops. A 2008 report by DisplaySearch cited a number of reasons for this shift, including the ability for PC and monitor manufacturers to expand their product ranges by offering products with wider screens and higher resolutions, helping consumers to more easily adopt such products and "stimulating the growth of the notebook PC and LCD monitor market". By using the same aspect ratio for both TVs and monitors, manufacturing can be streamlined and research costs reduced by not requiring two separate sets of equipment, and since a 16:9 is narrower than a 16:10 panel of the same length, more panels can be created per sheet of glass. In 2011, Bennie Budler, product manager of IT products at
Samsung South Africa, confirmed that monitors with a native resolution of were not being manufactured anymore. "It is all about reducing manufacturing costs. The new 16:9 aspect ratio panels are more cost-effective to manufacture locally than the previous 16:10 panels". In March 2011, the 16:9 resolution became the most common used resolution among
Steam's users. The previous most common resolution was (16:10). By July 2022, Steam reported 16:9 resolutions were used by 77% of its users ( with 67%; with 10%). == Properties ==