The
Korean War saw the greatest amount of air-to-air combat since
World War II. During the war the United States claimed to have shot down around 700 fighters. By the end of the war, US
F-86 Sabre pilots were initially credited by American sources with having shot down 792 MiGs for a loss of only 78 Sabres in air-to-air combat, a victory ratio of 10:1. After the war the
U.S. Air Force reviewed its figures in an investigation code-named
Sabre Measure Charlie and downgraded the kill ratio of the F-86 Sabre against the
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 by half to a 5:1 ratio. The research by Dorr, Lake and Thompson claimed an F-86 kill ratio closer to 2:1. A recent
RAND report made reference to "recent scholarship" of F-86 v MiG-15 combat over Korea and concluded that the actual kill:loss ratio for the F-86 was 1.8:1 overall, and likely closer to 1.3:1 against MiGs flown by Soviet pilots.
Soviet Air Force kill claims were also exaggerated, based upon inherent flaws in their film grading procedures. For instance, the S-13 gun camera was not aligned with either the gunsight or either cannons' ballistics. It ran only while the firing buttons were depressed. Film graders commonly included unit commanders and political commisars who would confirm a "kill"—sometimes even if one had not been claimed by a pilot—when the camera's crosshairs touched the target for two movie frames. During the first 16 months of combat Soviet V-VS units claimed 218 F-86s destroyed when only 36 (35 to the two elite IADs and one to the 50th IAD) had been lost. This results in a 600 per cent inflation rate in victory credits over actual Sabres destroyed. However, these figures are complicated by the fact that the Americans routinely attributed combat losses to landing accidents and other causes. The
Vietnam War saw a move away from cannon fire to
air-to-air missiles. Although US forces maintained
air supremacy throughout the war, there were still occasional dogfights and US and North Vietnamese
aces. The North Vietnamese side claimed the
Vietnam People's Air Force had
17 aces throughout the war, including
Nguyễn Văn Cốc, who is also the top ace of Vietnam War with nine kills: seven acknowledged by the
United States Air Force. During the
1947 conflict over
Jammu and Kashmir, the
Indian Air Force did not engage the
Pakistan Air Force in air-to-air combat; however, it did provide effective transport and close air support to the
Indian Army troops. On
10 April 1959, an Indian
English Electric Canberra was shot down while performing a
Reconnaissance mission over
Rawalpindi. The Canberra was shot down by a Pakistani
F-86 Sabre flown by
Flight Lieutenant M Younis of the
No. 15 Squadron. The two crew members of the Canberra ejected and were later arrested by
Pakistani authorities, this incident also marked the first aerial victory of the
Pakistan Air Force. The
Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was the first time the Indian Air Force actively engaged an enemy air force. By the time the conflict had ended, India had lost 22 aircraft by enemy aircraft fire, while Pakistan lost 9 aircraft. During the
Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, both Air Forces clashed for the second time, in this conflict the Indian Air Force lost 20 aircraft in air-to-air combat, in turn Pakistan Air Force lost 16. In total India lost 45 to 65 aircraft by all causes and Pakistan 42. During the
Iran–Iraq War of 1980–88, there were nearly 1,000 air-to-air engagements between
Iran and
Iraq, including the only known instances of helicopters dogfighting and shooting down other helicopters. The
Falklands War of 1982 witnessed air combat between
Argentine and
British military aircraft. The
Falkland Islands' runways were short and thus unable to support fighter jets, forcing Argentina to launch fighters from the mainland, which had an adverse effect on their loiter time. The
Argentine forces lost 23 aircraft in air-to-air combat, out of a total of 134 fixed wing aircraft and helicopters lost during the conflict. During the
Persian Gulf War; the
Iraqi Armed Forces lost 23 aircraft from their inventory of 750 fixed-wing aircraft, compared to 3
coalition aircraft downed. ==Aircraft lost to air-to-air combat==