Tropical Storm Alberto A
Central American gyre (CAG) resulted in the formation of convection over the
Gulf of Tehuantepec on June 15. As the convective activity progressed northward over southeastern
Mexico and exited into the
Bay of Campeche, an area of low pressure gradually developed on June 17 about northwest of
Ciudad del Carmen, Mexico. The system gradually became better organized, though it still remained rather broad, developing into Tropical Storm Alberto by 12:00 UTC on June 19. Under the influence of light vertical wind shear and warm waters, Alberto intensified up to landfall, attaining peak winds of and a minimum central pressure of by the morning of June 20. Alberto moved ashore at 09:00 UTC that day near
Tampico, Mexico, and rapidly weakened over land, dissipating just nine hours later. The storm brought heavy rainfall to the states of
Coahuila,
Nuevo León, and
Tamaulipas in northeast Mexico. Alberto resulted in five deaths in Mexico, all in Nuevo León, including one in
Monterrey due to river flooding, one in
El Carmen, and two in
Allende (the latter three were indirect electrocution deaths).
Aon estimated that US$140 million in damage occurred in Mexico. Alberto's large wind field produced tropical storm-force winds along the coastline of
Texas. damaging piers, roads, and sand dunes, as well as causing several high-water rescues. One person drowned at Galveston due to rip currents generated by the storm. Alberto brought significant rainfall to the Galveston area, leading to freshwater flooding. Additionally, an
EF1 tornado touched down near
Bellville, causing some property damage, and two EF0 tornadoes occurred near
Rockport. Damage from Alberto in Texas is estimated to be at US$125 million. Additionally, several roads became impassable in
Hancock County, Mississippi, due to storm surge.
Hurricane Beryl A
tropical wave developed into a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC on June 28 about east of
Barbados. A strong
subtropical ridge caused the depression to move generally west-northwestward through an unusually favorable environment for the time of year with warm
sea surface temperatures (SST) and minimal
wind shear, resulting in
rapid intensification. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Beryl by 00:00 UTC on June 29 and then into a hurricane about 24 hours thereafter. Beryl intensified into a Category 3 major hurricane around 12:00 UTC on June 30 and a Category 4 hurricane six hours later. An
eyewall replacement cycle then weakened Beryl to a Category 3 hurricane early on July 1, but it regained Category 4 strength six hours later once the cycle was completed. At 15:10 UTC the same day, Beryl made landfall in
Carriacou,
Grenada, with winds of 140 mph (220 km/h). After entering the Caribbean, the hurricane further intensified into a Category 5 hurricane early on July 2 and soon peaked with winds of 165 mph (270 km/h) and a minimum pressure of , recorded by a
dropsonde. In the United States, the state of Texas experienced severe flooding and wind damage, while about 2.7 million people lost electricity. Chris generated heavy rains in the states of
Chiapas,
Hidalgo,
Morelos,
San Luis Potosí, and Veracruz, causing flooding, overflowing rivers, and mudslides. Consequently, local authorities in Veracruz closed schools in 41 municipalities and opened 9 temporary shelters, which housed 86 people.
Hurricane Debby A tropical wave that exited the west coast of Africa between July 25 and July 26 developed into a tropical depression early on August 3 over the Caribbean near Cuba, about west of
Santa Cruz del Sur,
Camagüey Province. Striking
Ciénaga de Zapata in
Matanzas Province several hours later, the system strengthened into Tropical Storm Debby that day after emerging into the
Straits of Florida near
Havana. Moving northwestward and then northward due to a western Atlantic subtropical ridge, Debby strengthened into a hurricane early on August 5. Around 11:00 UTC, the cyclone struck near
Steinhatchee, Florida, with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) and a minimum pressure of . Debby quickly weakened to a tropical storm and turned northeastward. Upon reaching the Atlantic early on August 7, Debby transitioned into a subtropical storm. After meandering slowly southeastward and then northwestward, the system struck
Bulls Bay, South Carolina, with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). Late on August 8, Debby became extratropical while merging with a front over North Carolina. The remnant low crossed the Eastern United States and parts of Atlantic Canada before being absorbed over the
Gulf of St. Lawrence by another frontal system associated with a new area of low pressure. Debby and its precursor produced heavy rains across the Caribbean, especially Cuba and Puerto Rico. As the storm moved slowly around Florida, precipitation peaked around near
Sarasota. Flooding occurred across the state's west coast and
north-central interior, including more than 1,000 structures suffering damage in
Sarasota County and another 160 receiving major impacts in
Manatee County. Winds in north-central Florida downed many trees, some of which struck cars and homes. Parts of some states as far north as
Vermont reported flooding and isolated wind damage, with a peak total of of precipitation near
Moncks Corner, South Carolina. Approximately 520,000 customers lost electricity in North Carolina alone. Overall, 18 fatalities and about $4.25 billion in damage occurred throughout the United States and Canada. Several main roads on the island of Guadeloupe were closed due to the storm. More than 45,000 customers lost power in the
Virgin Islands as a result of hurricane-force wind gusts, including all of
Saint Croix and
Saint Thomas. Wind gusts on the island of
Culebra reached 86 mph (138 km/h), where downed trees blocked roads and roofs were blown off. Large swells and rip currents generated by Ernesto along the East Coast of the United States caused three deaths, Waves also swept away one home on
Hatteras Island in the latter. Swells predicted to reach in New York City led Mayor
Eric Adams to order all beaches in
Brooklyn and
Queens to close. According to Aon, total damages were estimated to be at $520 million. In
Ireland, the remnants of Ernesto, combined with a
supermoon event, led to flooding on roads and
wharfs along waterways in
Galway.
Hurricane Francine Between August 25 and August 26, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. After crossing the Atlantic and Caribbean for more than a week, deep convection began increasing on September 5 as the wave moved over the Yucatán Peninsula. Emerging into the Bay of Campeche on September 7, the wave interacted with a frontal system and non-tropical low, leading to the formation of a separate low, which developed into Tropical Storm Francine on September 9 about northeast of Tampico, Tamaulipas. Higher wind gusts in the system were enhanced by a
barrier jet near the
Sierra Madre Oriental. Francine initially moved northwestward due to a mid-level ridge over Florida but turned northeastward on September 10 as a short-wave trough crossed the Southeastern United States. The storm strengthened into a hurricane early on September 11. Significant intensification ensued despite increasing wind shear, with Francine peaking as a Category 2 hurricane with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) and a minimum pressure of as it struck
Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana, at 22:00 UTC. Rapid weakening then commenced, and at 06:00 UTC on September 12, Francine weakened into a tropical storm and then a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC, six hours before becoming extratropical over Mississippi. The extratropical low dissipated over Arkansas on September 14. Heavy precipitation fell in northeastern Mexico, causing flooding in
Matamoros area neighborhoods. South Texas reported heavy rainfall, leaving the roads to
SpaceX Starbase impassable and flooding parts of the facility itself. Approximately 500,000 people lost electricity in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama combined, with Francine downing numerous power lines and trees in those three states, blocking many roads. In Louisiana, flooding, high winds, and falling trees damaged hundreds of structures in
Jefferson and
St. Charles parishes. Being in a favorable environment for development, showers and thunderstorms quickly began showing signs of organization in the disturbance, with a tropical depression developing around 12:00 UTC on September 11 approximately west of the islands. Further intensification occurred slowly, with the depression not becoming Tropical Storm Gordon until about 48 hours later. Early on September 14, Gordon peaked with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) and a minimum pressure of . Gordon weakened back to a tropical depression late on September 15 and dissipated on September 17 about east of the Leeward Islands.
Hurricane Helene A CAG developed on September 20 over Central America and gradually organized, acquiring more deep convection over the next few days while traversing an environment conducive for development. By 12:00 UTC on September 24, the disturbance became Tropical Storm Helene roughly south of
Cape San Antonio, Cuba. Continuously favorable conditions allowed the storm to intensify into a hurricane about 24 hours later as it moved northwestward and passed just offshore the Yucatán Peninsula. Helene then accelerated northeastward across the Gulf of Mexico due to a ridge and a deep-layer cut-off low-pressure area situated over the
Tennessee Valley while expanding significantly and reaching major hurricane status late on September 26. At 03:10 UTC on the following day, Helene peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km/h) and a minimum pressure of as it struck Florida just east of the mouth of the
Aucilla River, based on data from a Texas Tech StickNet observation site located about halfway between the landfall point and
Perry. Thus, the cyclone became the most intense to make landfall in the
Big Bend region of Florida since reliable records began. Helene quickly weakened as it moved quickly inland before degenerating into a post-tropical cyclone over
Kentucky while merging with a cut-off low on September 27. The system then stalled over the state before dissipating on September 29. Storm surge in Florida caused significant damage from the
Tampa Bay area northward.
Hillsborough and
Pinellas counties combined reported the destruction of at least 419 residences, major damage to at least 18,512 structures, and minor to moderate damage to 13,909 others. Several counties in or near the Big Bend suffered extensive wind impacts. Heavy crop and timber losses occurred over southern Georgia, totaling about $5.5 billion. Tens of thousands of homes and buildings suffered wind damage as far north as the
Augusta area, while floodwaters entered at least 200 structures and a number of vehicles in the
Atlanta area. At least 106 fatalities occurred in North Carolina, far more than any other state. making it the second-deadliest hurricane to strike the continental United States in fifty years, after
Katrina in 2005, and the deadliest overall since
Maria in 2017, as well as being the seventh costliest hurricane in the United States. Operationally, the NHC began issuing advisories early on September 26, naming the storm
Isaac. While moving generally eastward, the storm steadily became better organized and became a Category 1 hurricane on September 27. As it turned toward the northeast, Isaac continued to strengthen into the next day, intensifying to a Category 2 hurricane. It later reached its peak intensity, with maximum sustained winds of and a minimum barometric pressure of . weakening back to a tropical storm late on September 29. Isaac then began extratropical transition, which it completed early on September 30 approximately north-northwest of the Azores. Another extratropical system absorbed moisture from Isaac, which brought heavy rain to the Iberian Peninsula.
Tropical Storm Joyce On September 22, a tropical wave moved off the coast of West Africa. After passing through the Cabo Verde Islands on September 24, thunderstorm activity increased as the wave moved to the west-northwest. The low became condensed and deepened, forming into a tropical depression at 06:00 UTC on September 27 about east of the Leeward Islands. Joyce reached its peak intensity at 18:00 UTC with winds of and a minimum pressure of . By September 28, Joyce began to weaken as southerly wind shear displaced convection away from its center, weakening to a tropical depression the next day. Joyce degenerated into a remnant low by September 30.
Hurricane Kirk On September 25, a tropical wave crossed the west coast of Africa and entered the Atlantic. After the wave passed through the Cabo Verde Islands on September 27, its associated convection began to organize. By late on September 29, a well-defined circulation formed, indicating that Tropical Depression Twelve developed about west of the islands. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Kirk around 06:00 UTC the next day, nine hours before satellite imagery indicated a partial eyewall. Favorable environmental conditions allowed Kirk to intensify into a hurricane by late on October 1 while it moved west-northwestward. Kirk underwent rapid intensification over the following two days, and at 00:00 UTC on October 4, the storm peaked as a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and a minimum pressure of . falling to Category 3 status at 06:00 UTC on October 5. The storm then weakened below major hurricane intensity about 24 hours later and then to a Category 1 late on October 6 while heading northeastward. Kirk became extratropical about west-northwest of the Azores on October 7, but the remnants crossed western Europe before dissipating over western
Germany on October 10. Numerous downed trees were reported in
Portugal and
Spain. The hardest hit city was
Porto, where numerous cars suffered damage and train services were disrupted. At the height of the storm, more than 300,000 households lost power. Strong winds from Kirk severely affected Portugal's apple and chestnut crops. In Spain, 2.76 in (70.1 mm) of rain fell in 12 hours, and gusts up to 80 mph (130 km/h) and 127 mph (205 km/h) were reported. Mudslides were reported in
Galicia, prompting road closures. Agricultural losses in Spain are estimated to be at €69 million (US$71.9 million). In
France, over 64,000 people lost power, and many roads were closed due to floodwaters. A strong swell capsized three boats in
Sète, killing one person and injuring another. Aon estimated that the extratropical remnants of Kirk caused about US$110 million in damage.
Hurricane Leslie A tropical wave moved off the west coast of Africa and into the Atlantic on September 28, initially with limited shower activity. On October 1, a well-defined low formed, although it had disorganized convection. Because deep convection organized closer to the center on the following day, Tropical Depression Thirteen developed at 06:00 UTC approximately south-southeast of the Cabo Verde Islands. Later on October 2, the system strengthened, becoming Tropical Storm Leslie, On October 5, Leslie intensified into a Category 1 hurricane and reached sustained winds as high as 90 mph (150 km/h) on the next day, before weakening back to a tropical storm on October 8. becoming a Category 2 hurricane early on October 10, peaking with winds of 105 mph (165 km/h) and a minimum pressure of . At 00:00 UTC the next day, The storm then turned northeastward and accelerated in advance of an approaching trough before being absorbed by the aforementioned trough on October 12 about east of Bermuda. The trough and subsequent extratropical low that absorbed Leslie's remnant moisture brought significant flooding to France and Italy.
Hurricane Milton In mid-September, two African tropical waves and a low-level trough merged over the eastern Atlantic. Although disorganized upon reaching the Lesser Antilles on September 26, the wave began interacting with a CAG over the western Caribbean on September 29. This led to the formation of a low-level trough with two centers over the Gulf of Mexico. One center persisted, resulting in the development of Tropical Depression Fourteen about east of Tampico, Tamaulipas, at 12:00 UTC on October 5. Strengthening into Tropical Storm Milton within six hours, the cyclone moved slowly eastward to east-southeastward over the next few days along the southern periphery of the mid-latitude westerlies. Milton underwent explosive intensification due to very warm waters and low-to-moderate wind shear, becoming a hurricane around 18:00 UTC on October 6 and then a major hurricane within 18 hours thereafter. At 20:00 UTC on October 7, the system peaked as a Category 5 hurricane with winds of 180 mph (285 km/h) and a minimum pressure of . Flooding occurred in
Campeche and
Celestún, with the latter being evacuated as result. Three people died in Mexico, all due to drowning. In Florida, 126 tornado warnings were issued on October 10, the second-most posted in a single day in one state, behind only April 27, 2011, in Alabama during
a super outbreak. At least 45 tornadoes touched down, causing approximately $681.8 million in damage, while an EF-3 twister in
St. Lucie County killed 6 people. Significant storm surge impacted
Southwest Florida, generally ranging from above ground.
Venice reported the highest sustained winds and gusts in Florida, reaching and , respectively. Heavy rains also fell, especially in a swath from Tampa Bay to the
Daytona Beach area, with a peak total of near
St. Petersburg. Among the structures damaged were the
Tampa Bay Times building and
Tropicana Field. Overall, Milton killed 39 people, and the NCEI estimated that damage in the United States totaled about $34.3 billion, almost entirely in Florida, although damage assessments were complicated due to Helene impacting some of the same areas only about two weeks earlier.
Tropical Storm Nadine On October 15, a broad area of low pressure formed in the southwestern Caribbean Sea east of Central America. The disturbance moved slowly northwestward over the following couple of days, remaining offshore. Then, on October 17 and 18, the low gradually became better defined, and the showers and thunderstorms associated with it became better organized. Consequently, the system was designated
Potential Tropical Cyclone Fifteen on the afternoon of October 18. The system quickly developed a closed circulation and intensified into Tropical Storm Nadine early the next day while about east of Belize City. The storm made landfall near Belize City around 16:00 UTC on October 19, at peak intensity, with sustained winds and a minimum pressure of . Eight hours later, the storm weakened to a tropical depression while over northern Guatemala. Then, early on October 20, the system degenerated into a remnant low while traversing Southern Mexico. Nadine's remnants ultimately entered the Pacific basin, where they facilitated the development of a trough of low pressure in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, which led to the formation of
Hurricane Kristy on October 21. In Quintana Roo, about of rain was recorded, and several houses were flooded in
Chetumal. Floods, power outages, and uprooted trees were also reported in
Campeche, with strong waves stranding about 300 coastal vessels. In Quintana Roo, Mex$11 million (US$546,000) was spent to repair the damage caused by the storm. In Chiapas, the storm damaged more than 1,200 homes. A landslide also blocked a section of
Federal Highway 190. Heavy rains also damaged 15 houses and caused flooding and landslides in
Tacotalpa,
Tabasco. There were four deaths in Chiapas as a result of the storm: two when a landslide hit a house in the
municipality of Tila and two due to drowning after being swept away by flood waters. Damage in Chiapas reached approximately Mex$2 billion (US$101 million). In Veracruz, damage totaled to Mex$2.82 billion (US$153 million).
Hurricane Oscar On October 10, a tropical wave emerged into the Atlantic from the west coast of Africa. After remaining disorganized for several days due to dry air and moderate wind shear, a circulation began developing as the system passed north of the Lesser Antilles, and early on October 19, Tropical Storm Oscar formed approximately north of Puerto Rico. In addition to very warm seas and light to moderate wind shear, the cyclone's small size allowed for quick intensification, with Oscar reaching hurricane status by 18:00 UTC. Hurricane-force winds extended less than from the center. Late on October 19, Oscar struck
Grand Turk Island with winds of 85 mph (140 km/h). The system then turned southwestward due to low- to mid-level ridge over the eastern United States and passed near
Inagua in the Bahamas on October 20, shortly before Oscar's barometric pressure fell to . At 22:00 UTC, Oscar made landfall in
Baracoa, located in the Cuban province of Guantánamo. Oscar quickly weakened to a tropical storm early on October 21 and slowed considerably due to collapsing steering currents, but re-emerged into the Atlantic several hours later. Late on October 22, Oscar degenerated into a trough over the central Bahamas, before soon being absorbed by a non-tropical low. In the Bahamas, residents of Inagua had to evacuate after their homes were damaged. Approximately 15,000 structures suffered damage, mostly in
Guantánamo and
Holguín provinces, with more than 1,000 of those experiencing a partial roof collapse. The hurricane also caused millions of people to lose electricity and damaged roughly of roads, including 5 bridges. Heavy crop losses occurred over eastern Cuba. At least eight people died in the country. Aon estimated that the cyclone caused about US$50 million in damage. Additionally, Oscar's remnants produced abnormally high tides in the Northeastern United States.
Tropical Storm Patty On October 31, a storm-force non-tropical low located about west of the western Azores began producing showers and thunderstorms near its center. It moved to the northeast for around a day, losing its frontal characteristics and upper-level support, weakening in the process. On November 1, despite SSTs around , convection and bands formed around the center due to an unstable environment. The storm had attained hybrid characteristics of a
subtropical storm. Upon formation, Patty had winds of . Patty continued eastward and organized further, attaining a peak strength of 65 mph (100 km/h) at 12:00 UTC on November 2. The storm then began moving east-southeast and weakening in the mid-latitude flow. On November 3, Patty's forward speed slowed. It also developed fully into a tropical cyclone that day while passing between
São Miguel and
Santa Maria islands in the Azores. Patty continued to weaken and opened into a trough by 12:00 UTC on November 4.
Hurricane Rafael On October 26, the NHC began monitoring the southwestern Caribbean in anticipation of tropical development. Convection increased markedly in early November in association with a CAG. However, the presence of a well-defined circulation could not be confirmed until November 4, when Tropical Depression Eighteen formed at 12:00 UTC roughly southwest of Kingston, Jamaica. The depression continued to strengthen and became Tropical Storm Rafael six hours later. The storm tracked northwestward along the southwestern side of a ridge over the western Atlantic on November 5 and passed to the west of Jamaica. That afternoon it developed an inner wind core and strengthened into a hurricane early on November 6. Later that day, at 21:15 UTC, Rafael made landfall just east of Playa Majana, in the Cuban province of
Artemisa, with winds of . A few hours later, the system entered the Gulf of Mexico as a weaker Category 2 hurricane. It then proceeded to turn west-northwestward and re-intensify, becoming a major hurricane once again early on November 8 with peak winds of and a minimum pressure of . That afternoon, however, the system turned westward and began losing strength and organization due to increasing westerly wind shear and dry air intrusion. This trend continued, and Rafael was downgraded to a tropical storm early on November 9. Rafael's remaining convection collapsed on November 10, and it degenerated into a
remnant low about southwest of
Port Fourchon, Louisiana, before opening up into a
trough on the next day. In its formative stages, Rafael produced heavy rainfall across several areas of Central America and Colombia. Numerous residents in Panama had to evacuate their homes after their houses were damaged, leaving a total of more than 210 displaced. Five people died as a result of the flooding in that country; one death was also reported in Colombia. There were two direct storm fatalities in Jamaica. Agricultural losses in Costa Rica totaled to at least ₡500 million (US$985,000). In Colombia, over 192,000 people were affected by the flooding. Aon estimated that the cyclone caused losses of at least US$150 million in Colombia. In western Cuba, of rain was reported, resulting in flooding and landslides. Government officials reported that areas in and around Artemisa sustained the worst damage from Rafael, with more than 3,000 homes damaged in Artemisa and
Mayabeque provinces. In total, eight fatalities and at least $1.35 billion in damage can be attributed to Rafael,
Tropical Storm Sara On November 11, a large area of low pressure merged with a tropical wave south of Hispaniola over the central Caribbean Sea. The system moved generally westward and gradually organized over the next few days. Then, early on November 14, the system developed into Tropical Depression Nineteen about east of the Honduras-Nicaragua border. Later that day, an Air Force Reserve reconnaissance aircraft found maximum sustained winds of around , indicating that the depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Sara. The cyclone then made landfall in Honduras near Punta Patuca early on November 15 but soon re-emerged into the Caribbean and strengthened further, peaking with winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) and a minimum pressure of around 12:00 UTC. Sara then drifted generally west-northwestward, making landfall in
Belize near
Dangriga around 14:00 UTC on November 17. The cyclone weakened to a tropical depression about four hours later and dissipated early on November 18 over Campeche. After emerging into the Bay of Campeche, the remnants merged with a frontal system moving across the Southeastern United States within a few days. The precursor disturbance of Sara caused flooding in the Dominican Republic, resulting in the evacuation of 1,767 people, isolating 54 communities, destroying 2 homes, and damaging 487 more. Two fishermen were left missing and were later found dead near
Sabana de la Mar. Another person died in Haiti, where Sara's precursor damaged 3,554 dwellings in the
Sud Department alone. Flooding caused structural impacts to homes and buildings in Belize, especially the central and western parts of the country, with damage totaling $7.23 million. An extratropical low with gale-force winds developed offshore early on September 15. Schools were closed in preparation for the storm. At 12:00 UTC on September 16, the system reached a peak of 60 mph (95 km/h) and just offshore South Carolina. After failing to attain tropical characteristics while approaching northeastern South Carolina the following afternoon, sustained winds fell below tropical storm-force early the next day, and the system soon dissipated. In
Sunny Point, North Carolina, winds gusted to . Two tornadoes touched down during the storm. Several coastal roads, such as
NC 12, were flooded with high tide. One person died after attempting to drive through floodwaters, while over 100 people required rescuing. More than 100 homes were damaged. According to Aon, total losses are estimated to be at $130 million as of January 2025, while the NHC noted other damage estimates ranging from $50–100 million. == Storm names ==