World War I The 128th Airborne Command and Control Squadron traces its origins to the 840th Aero Squadron, which was organized at
Rich Field, Waco, Texas on 4 February 1918. However, the 840th's history itself dates to the middle of December 1917 when many of the squadron members first enlisted in the Army at
Fort Slocum, New York and the
Columbus Barracks, Ohio. Just before Christmas, 1917, the men were transported to
Kelly Field, near San Antonio, Texas where they began indoctrination into the Army as an unorganized unit. Many men were transferred into and out of the unit in its first weeks at Kelly. On 8 January, the men was transferred to Rich Field, and placed in temporary squadrons. Time was taken up by drills, hikes, physical training and other exercises. Also the men attended various lectures about military courtesies and customs. Finally, on 4 February 150 men from the group were selected and formed into the 840th Aero Squadron. After several more weeks of Army indoctrination training, the
squadron was ordered for overseas service, being transferred to the Aviation Concentration Center, Garden City, Long Island. It arrived at
Mineola Field on 4 March 1918 where it was prepared and equipped for overseas duty. On 15 April, the squadron was ordered to the port of embarkation,
Hoboken, New Jersey, where it boarded the former
White Star Line liner . After an uneventful Atlantic crossing, the squadron arrived at
Liverpool, England where it boarded a train headed south to
Winchester, where it arrived at the Romney Rest Camp. There, the 840th was detached to the
Royal Flying Corps for technical training, arriving at the No. 3 Western Aircraft Depot,
RFC Yatesbury, Wiltshire, on 4 May. There squadron personnel were placed in different departments of the depot and were engaged in the production and repair of airplanes. The 840th was the second American squadron assigned to the depot, and there was quite a curiosity by the English about them. The men were warmly received in the villages around the depot and celebrated in
Bristol. On 13 August, training ended and the squadron moved to
Southampton for transport across the English Channel to France.
Heavy bomber operations Like many antisubmarine units flying
heavy bombers, the 21st became part of
Second Air Force. It moved to
Ephrata Army Air Base as the
818th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 28 September 1943, where it became the
818th Bombardment Squadron, helping form the
cadre for the new
483d Bombardment Group. In November, the squadron moved to
MacDill Field, Florida, where it trained with Flying Fortresses under
Third Air Force. At MacDill, it exchanged designations with another squadron, becoming the
840th Bombardment Squadron, and was consolidated with the World War I
840th Aero Squadron. The 840th deployed to the
Mediterranean Theater of Operations, where it became part of
Fifteenth Air Force at
Sterparone Airfield in Southern Italy. It began operations in April 1944 with an attack on a cement factory in
Split, Yugoslavia. The squadron engaged in long-range strategic bombardment of enemy military, industrial and transport targets, including factories,
oil refineries,
marshalling yards, airfields, and troop concentrations in Italy, France. Southern Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, and the Balkans. The squadron received a
Distinguished Unit Citation for combat action two months later. On 18 July 1944 the squadron, along with the other elements of the 483d Group, bombed the objective, an
airfield and installations at
Memmingen, engaging numerous enemy aircraft in the target area despite a lack of cover from its planned fighter escort. It received a second citation for braving
fighter assaults and
flak to bomb tank factories at
Berlin on 24 March 1945. The squadron was occasionally diverted from the strategic attack on Germany. It struck targets in southern France in preparation for
Operation Dragoon, the invasion of August 1944. The group also supported ground forces in northern Italy during the Allied offensive in April 1945. After
V-E Day, the unit moved to
Pisa Airfield, where it operated under the control of
Air Transport Command's Green Project which was the movement of troops back to the United States. The squadron carried troops from Pisa to a staging area in Morocco. Its B-17s were disarmed with flooring and seats for 25 passengers installed. It carried passengers from Pisa to
Port Lyautey Airfield, French Morocco for further movement them across the Atlantic. The squadron was inactivated in Italy in September 1945.
Georgia Air National Guard The wartime 840th Bombardment Squadron was re-activated and re-designated as the
128th Fighter Squadron, and was allotted to the
Georgia Air National Guard, on 24 May 1946. It was organized at
Marietta Army Airfield, Georgia, and was extended federal recognition on 20 August 1946 by the
National Guard Bureau. The 128th Fighter Squadron was entitled to the history, honors, and colors of the 840th Bombardment Squadron. The squadron was equipped with
Republic F-47 Thunderbolts and was temporarily assigned to the
54th Fighter Wing on 20 August, then permanently to the
116th Fighter Group on 9 September 1946. The 116th Fighter Group consisted of the 128th and the
158th Fighter Squadron at
Chatham Army Air Field, near Savannah. As part of the
Continental Air Command Fourteenth Air Force, the unit trained for tactical fighter missions and air-to-air combat.
Korean War federalization The 128th was federalized on 10 October 1950 due to the
Korean War. It was assigned to the federalized
Oklahoma Air National Guard 137th Fighter-Bomber Wing and equipped with
Republic F-84G Thunderjets. Along with the Oklahoma
125th Fighter Squadron and
Kansas Air National Guard 127th Fighter Squadron, the wing was scheduled for deployment to the new
Chaumont-Semoutiers Air Base, France, as part of the
United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE). By 27 November, the wing assembled at
Alexandria Air Force Base, Louisiana for conversion training in the newer F-84Gs. Deployment of the wing was delayed, however, by the need to transfer pilots to Korea from training and delays in receiving engines for the F-84Gs, as well as the ongoing construction at Chaumont Air Base. Training and delays continued throughout 1951. Due to these delays, many of the activated National Guard airmen were released from active duty and never deployed to France. With mostly regular Air Force personnel and all the delays behind them, the remaining Guardsmen departed Louisiana on 5 May 1952 for Europe; however, the 128th inherited a base that was little more than acres of mud where wheat fields used to be. The only hardened facilities at Chaumont were a concrete runway and a handful of tar-paper shacks. The 128th wound up being stationed by USAFE at
Neubiberg Air Base, West Germany until the facilities in France were suitable for military use. The aircraft arrived at Chaumont on 25 June, being the first USAF tactical air fighters to be based permanently in France, albeit working mostly in tents and temporary wooden buildings on their new base. The Guardsmen of the 128th ended their active-duty tour in France and returned to the United States in late June, leaving their F-84 Thunderjets in Europe.
Air Defense Command The 116th Fighter-Bomber Group designation was returned to the Georgia Air National Guard on 10 July at Dobbins AFB. At this time the Group was restructured to include the 128th and 158th Fighter Squadrons. Initially upon their return to State Control both squadrons were equipped with the long-range
F-51H Mustang and given an air defense mission. The 116th was assigned to
Air Defense Command (ADC), being assigned to the
35th Air Division with a mission of the air defense of the Southeastern United States. Commencing in February 1953 the 128th began conversion to F-84D Thunderjets, yet most were not received until mid summer. During the summer of 1955 the 128th was re-designated as the 128th Fighter Interceptor Squadron and converted the swept-wing
Republic F-84F Thunderstreak. Strangely enough, it was not until March 1957 that the surviving D models were dispatched for salvage, with eleven of those aged D models having been lost in accidents while serving with the 128th FBS. In 1958, the 116th implemented the ADC Runway Alert Program, in which interceptors of the 128th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron were committed to a five-minute runway alert. In 1960 the F-84s were again replaced by the
North American F-86L Sabre, a day/night/all-weather aircraft designed to be integrated into the ADC SAGE interceptor direction and control system.
Air Transport In 1961, the 116th FIG was reassigned to
Military Air Transport Service (MATS), trading in its Sabre interceptors for 4-engines
Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter transports. With air transportation recognized as a critical wartime need, the squadron was redesignated the
128th Air Transport Squadron, Heavy. The 116th was assigned to the MATS
Eastern Transport Air Force, (EASTAF), and the squadron flew long-distance transport missions in support of Air Force requirements, frequently sending aircraft to the Caribbean, Europe Greenland, and the Middle East in support of Air Force requirements. In 1966 MATS became the
Military Airlift Command (MAC) and EASTAF became the MAC
Twenty-First Air Force. The 116th was upgraded to the
Douglas C-124 Globemaster II strategic heavy airlifter, being the first Air National Guard unit to receive the aircraft. Due to requirements generated by the
Vietnam War, missions were flown across the Pacific to Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, South Vietnam, Okinawa and Thailand.
Post-Vietnam In the years after the Vietnam War, the transport requirements of MAC along with the retirement of the C-124 led the 116th to be reassigned back to
Tactical Air Command in 1974 and was re-equipped with
North American F-100 Super Sabre tactical fighter-bombers, many aircraft being veterans of the Vietnam War. The 116th was changed in status from a Group to a Wing with the reassignment to TAC, and the 128th flew the Super Saber jets for six accident-free years until May 1979 when the last aircraft left Dobbins AFB to be retired as part of the phaseout of the F-100 from the inventory. The F-100s were replaced with other Vietnam-era hand-me-down combat veteran aircraft by TAC during the early 1980s, as
F-105G Thunderchief Wild Weasel electronic warfare aircraft were assigned, then retired and
McDonnell F-4D Phantom II fighter bombers in their final years of service. In 1986 the 116th retired the last of its Vietnam War Phantoms and received
McDonnell Douglas F-15A Eagle air superiority fighters. The F-15A was introduced into the inventory in the mid-1970s and now were being upgraded in the active duty by the improved F-15C. The 128th flew the F-15 for the next ten years. The 116th Tactical Fighter Wing developed an impressive record of accomplishment and was awarded nine
Air Force Outstanding Unit Awards.
B-1B Lancer In 1992 as part of the post Cold-War reorganizations of the Air Force, the 116th converted to the Air Force Objective organization and the 128th was assigned to the new 116th Operations Group. In 1992 Tactical Air Command was inactivated and the 116th was assigned to the new
Air Combat Command (ACC). After calling Dobbins AFB home for 50 years, the 116th was presented with a new challenge in 1996. The wing simultaneously converted from the F-15 Eagle fighters to the
Rockwell B-1B Lancer strategic bomber and moved 110 miles south to
Robins Air Force Base east of Warner Robins, Georgia. As part of the post Cold-War drawdown, the active-duty fleet of B-1Bs were being reduced for budget reductions and being taken off Alert Status by the former
Strategic Air Command (SAC), which itself was inactivated in 1992. Having to make the most of the available facilities, including the former Strategic Air Command alert facility at Robins, the 116th Bomb Wing was quickly up and running and participated in a number of deployments and exercises around the world in the B-1B.
Airborne Command and Control In order to save money, in 2002 the USAF agreed to reduce its fleet of B-1Bs from 92 to 60 aircraft. The 116th Bomb Wing, having older aircraft was ordered to send its aircraft to "active storage" which meant that they could be quickly returned to service should circumstances dictate. Its first B-1B was flown to AMARC storage at
Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona on 20 August. Under the Air Force's Total Force Initiative as a "blended" wing. America's first "Total Force" wing, the former
93d Air Control Wing, an active-duty
Air Combat Command unit, and the 116th Bomb Wing, a Georgia Air National Guard unit, were inactivated effective 1 October 2002. The 116th was immediately reactivated and redesignated as the
116th Air Control Wing. The 116th was a blend of active-duty and national guard Airmen into a single unit. The 116th ACW was equipped with the new
E-8C Joint STARS airborne battle management aircraft. Its mission is command and control, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance. Its primary mission is to provide theater ground and air commanders with ground surveillance to support attack operations and targeting that contributes to the delay, disruption and destruction of enemy forces. The E-8C evolved from Army and Air Force programs to develop, detect, locate and attack enemy armor at ranges beyond the forward area of troops. The 128th Airborne Command and Control Squadron has flown more than 82,000 combat hours in support of
Operation Enduring Freedom,
Operation Iraqi Freedom,
Operation New Dawn,
Operation Odyssey Dawn, and
Operation Unified Protector. Beginning in 2011, its operational resume expanded to include support of five Combatant Commands including
U.S. Pacific Command,
U.S. Northern Command and
U.S. Southern Command. On 1 October 2011 the 128th Airborne Command and Control Squadron was inactivated as a Joint Air National Guard/United States Air Force Unit. The 116th ACW was returned to the sole jurisdiction of the Georgia Air National Guard on 1 October 2011 and reactivated. ==Lineage==