World War I , wearing the 2nd Division insignia , with decorations The 2nd Division was first constituted on 21 September 1917 in the
Regular Army.
Order of battle • Headquarters, 2nd Division •
3rd Infantry Brigade •
9th Infantry Regiment •
23rd Infantry Regiment • 5th Machine Gun Battalion •
4th Marine Brigade •
5th Marine Regiment •
6th Marine Regiment •
6th Machine Gun Battalion • 2nd Field Artillery Brigade •
12th Field Artillery Regiment (75 mm) •
15th Field Artillery Regiment (75 mm) •
17th Field Artillery Regiment (155 mm) • 2nd Trench Mortar Battery • 4th Machine Gun Battalion • 2nd Engineer Regiment • 1st Field Signal Battalion • Headquarters Troop, 2nd Division • 2nd Train Headquarters and Military Police • 2nd Ammunition Train • 2nd Supply Train • 2nd Engineer Train • 2nd Sanitary Train • 1st, 15th, 16th, and 23rd Ambulance Companies and Field Hospitals Twice during World War I the division was commanded by
US Marine Corps generals,
Brigadier General Charles A. Doyen and
Major General John A. Lejeune (after whom the Marine Corps Camp in North Carolina is named), the only time in U.S. military history when Marine Corps officers commanded an Army division. The division lost 1,964 (plus USMC: 4,478) killed in action and 9,782 (plus USMC: 17,752) wounded in action.
Major operations •
Third Battle of the Aisne •
Belleau Wood •
Château-Thierry campaign •
St. Mihiel •
Meuse-Argonne Offensive •
Aisne-Marne offensive • Source for World War I data and information:
United States Army Center of Military History, The Army Almanac: A Book of Facts Concerning the Army of the United States, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1950, pp. 510–592.
Interwar years The 2nd Division arrived at Hoboken,
New Jersey, on 3 August 1919 after completing 8 months of occupation duty near
Koblenz,
Heddesdorf, and
Dierdorf,
Germany. It moved to
Camp Mills,
New York, where all emergency period personnel were discharged from the service, and the 4th Marine Brigade was relieved from assignment to the division. It proceeded to
Camp Travis, in
San Antonio, Texas, on 16 August 1919 where it remained until Camp Travis was absorbed into Fort Sam Houston in 1922. The 4th Infantry Brigade (consisting of the 1st and 20th Infantry Regiments) was assigned to replace the 4th Marine Brigade in the division structure, and was activated in October 1920 at Camp Travis. The division was allotted to the
Eighth Corps Area and the
VIII Corps in 1921. The 2nd Division was the most combat-ready division stationed in the continental United States during most of the interwar period, given that the majority of the unit was stationed at a single post and the division headquarters staff was not allowed to atrophy like those of the 1st or 3rd Divisions, the other two nominally active stateside Regular Army divisions. During the early post-World War I period, the division's time was spent rebuilding and training on a limited scale. The slow pace left time for the division to assist Hollywood in making movies about the Army. Division units participated in
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's movie
The Big Parade in May and June 1925 and in
Wings in April 1926. By 1926, however, maneuver training of divisional units was becoming more frequent, leaving little time for movies. The maneuvers generally took place in May, before the division's units assisted the training of
Organized Reserve units,
Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), and ROTC cadets during the summer. Typically, the division would deploy to
Camp Bullis, Texas, or areas west of San Antonio, and perform field training, usually at company and battalion level. The division deployment would culminate in brigade-versus-brigade maneuvers near the end of the field training period. After transfer of the 4th Infantry Brigade to
Fort D.A. Russell,
Wyoming (later renamed
Fort Francis E. Warren), in 1927, the
1st Cavalry Division's
1st Cavalry Brigade began to road-march over from
Fort Clark, Texas, to participate in combined arms maneuvers each May. Once the division maneuvers were complete, the division shifted to training the Reserve components. The 3rd Infantry Brigade usually trained Reserve officers of the
90th Division, Infantry CMTC, and ROTC cadets. Units of the 2nd Field Artillery Brigade trained the artillery officers of the 90th Division, the XVIII Corps, and several General Headquarters Reserve (GHQR) artillery units in the Eighth Corps Area. After transferring to Fort Francis E. Warren, the 4th Infantry Brigade conducted their maneuver training at the Pole Mountain Military Reservation where they also trained their affiliate Reserve units of the
104th Division. In 1936, the division participated in the Third Army
command post exercise (CPX) at Camp Bullis to prepare army, corps, and division staffs for future large-scale army maneuvers. The next major training event for the division came in September 1937 when it participated in the Provisional Infantry Division (PID) tests at Camp Bullis. The “Indianhead” Division was temporarily reorganized with three regiments to test the concept of the “triangular” division. The exercise was apparently very successful as further tests were called for after analysis of the results by Army planners. The following year, units of the Eighth Corps Area including the 2nd Division were assembled at Camp Bullis for the Third Army maneuvers. In January 1939, the division was reorganized for the second time as a triangular division, this time for the Provisional 2nd Division (P2D) tests. These tests finalized the decision to adopt the new triangular organization for Regular Army divisions. As a result, in October 1939, the division's 4th Infantry Brigade was disbanded, the 1st and 20th Infantry Regiments were relieved from assignment, and the 38th Infantry Regiment was assigned to the division to make its transition to the triangular concept complete. In May 1940, the “Indianhead” Division deployed to the vicinity of
Horton, Texas, to train under the new organization in preparation for the next Third Army maneuver. The 1940 Third Army maneuvers were held in west-central
Louisiana in August 1940 and were primarily performed with the Regular Army and National Guard divisions stationed in the Fourth and Eighth Corps Areas. After the exercises in Louisiana, the “Indianhead” Division returned to Fort Sam Houston. The following June, the division moved to
Brownwood, Texas, to participate in the VIII Corps maneuver held there that month. In August 1941, the division, now redesignated as the 2nd Infantry Division, returned to the Louisiana Maneuver Area for the
GHQ maneuvers between the Second and Third Armies, after which it returned to its home station. On 27 July 1942, the division was again transferred to the Louisiana Maneuver Area, remaining there until 22 September 1942, whereupon the formation again returned to Fort Sam Houston. It then moved to
Camp McCoy at
Sparta, Wisconsin, on 27 November 1942. Four months of intensive training for winter warfare followed. In September 1943 the division received its staging orders, and moved to the
Camp Shanks staging area at
Orangeburg, New York on 3 October 1943, where it received port call orders. On 8 October the division officially sailed from the
New York Port of Embarkation, and started arriving in
Belfast,
Northern Ireland on 17 October. It then moved to England, where it trained and staged for forward movement to France. , dedicated in 1936, is located in
President's Park, Washington, D.C.
World War II Assignments in European Theater of Operations Source: • 22 October 1943: Attached to First Army • 24 December 1943: XV Corps, but attached to First Army • 14 April 1944: V Corps, First Army • 1 August 1944: V Corps, First Army, 12th Army Group • 17 August 1944:
XIX Corps • 18 August 1944: VIII Corps, Third Army, 12th Army Group • 5 September 1944: VIII Corps, Ninth Army, 12th Army Group • 22 October 1944: VIII Corps, First Army, 12th Army Group • 11 December 1944: V Corps • 20 December 1944: Attached, with the entire First Army, to the British 21st Army Group • 18 January 1945: V Corps, First Army, 12th Army Group • 28 April 1945: VII Corps • 1 May 1945: V Corps • 6 May 1945: Third Army, 12th Army Group
Narrative After training in
Northern Ireland and
Wales from October 1943 to June 1944, the 2nd Infantry Division crossed the channel to land on
Omaha Beach on
D plus 1 (7 June 1944) near
Saint-Laurent-sur-Mer. Around 150 men from the 9th & 23rd Infantry Regiments and 2nd Combat Engineer Battalion volunteered to assist the operations of the Special Engineer Task Force on June 6th. These men were dispersed into the Assault Gap Teams of the 146th & 299th Combat Engineer Battalions and landed with them at H-Plus 3 at Omaha Beach. It's estimated that 13 of these volunteers were killed in action supporting SETF on 6 June 1944. These were the division's first casualties since World War I. On 8 June 1944 23rd Regimental Headquarters, Headquarters Company, A.T. Company, Cannon Company, Medical Detachment, 1st, 2d, 3d Bn. landed on Easy White beach. The regimental command post (C.P.) was set up in St. Laurent Sur-Mer. They were placed in division reserve until heavy weapons and vehicles arrived. Attacking across the
Aure River on 10 June, the division liberated
Trévières and proceeded to assault and secure Hill 192, a key enemy strong point on the road to
Saint-Lo. After three weeks of fortifying the position and by order of Commanding General
Walter M. Robertson, the order was given to take Hill 192. On 11 July under the command of Col.
Ralph Wise Zwicker the
38th Infantry Regiment and with the 9th and the 23rd by his side the battle began at 5:45am. Using an artillery concept from World War I (
rolling barrage) and with the support of 25,000 rounds of HE/WP that were fired by 8 artillery battalions, the hill was taken. Except for three days during the
Battle of the Bulge, this was the heaviest expenditure of ammunition by the 38th Field Artillery Battalion, and it was the only time during the 11 months of combat that 2nd Division artillery used a rolling barrage. The division went on the defensive until 26 July. After exploiting the Saint-Lo breakout, the 2nd Division then advanced across the
Vire to take
Tinchebray on 15 August 1944. The division then raced toward
Brest, the heavily defended port fortress that was a major port for German
U-boats. After 39 days of fighting the
Battle for Brest was won, and was the first place the
Army Air Forces used
bunker busting bombs. The division took a brief rest 19–26 September before moving to defensive positions at
St. Vith,
Belgium on 29 September 1944. The division entered
Germany on 3 October 1944, and was ordered, on 11 December 1944, to attack and seize the
Roer River dams. The German
Ardennes offensive in mid-December forced the division to withdraw to defensive positions near
Elsenborn Ridge, where the German drive was halted. In February 1945 the division attacked, recapturing lost ground, and seized
Gemund, 4 March. Reaching the
Rhine on 9 March, the division advanced south to take
Breisig, 10–11 March, and to guard the
Remagen bridge,
12–20 March. The division crossed the Rhine on 21 March and advanced to
Hadamar and
Limburg an der Lahn, relieving elements of the
9th Armored Division, 28 March. Advancing rapidly in the wake of the 9th Armored, the 2nd Infantry Division crossed the
Weser at
Veckerhagen, 6–7 April, captured
Göttingen 8 April, established a bridgehead across the
Saale, 14 April, seizing
Merseburg on 15 April. On 18 April the division took
Leipzig, mopped up in the area, and outposted the
Mulde River; elements which had crossed the river were withdrawn 24 April. Relieved on the Mulde, the 2nd moved 200 miles, 1–3 May, to positions along the German-
Czech border near
Schönsee and
Waldmünchen, where 2 ID relieved the
97th and
99th IDs. The 2nd Infantry Division returned to the
New York Port of Embarkation on 20 July 1945, and arrived at
Camp Swift at
Bastrop, Texas on 22 July 1945. They started a training schedule to prepare them to participate in the scheduled
invasion of Japan, but they were still at Camp Swift on
VJ Day. They then moved to the staging area at
Camp Stoneman at
Pittsburg, California on 28 March 1946, but the move eastward was canceled, and they received orders to move to
Fort Lewis at
Tacoma, Washington. They arrived at Fort Lewis on 15 April 1946, which became their home station. From their Fort Lewis base, they conducted Arctic, air transportability, amphibious, and maneuver training.
Campaign participation credit •
Normandy •
Northern France •
Rhineland •
Ardennes-Alsace •
Central Europe • Days of combat: 303
Casualties •
Total battle casualties: 16,795 •
Killed in action: 3,031 In January 1953 the division was transferred from IX Corps to I Corps. After the
Korean Armistice Agreement was signed on 27 July 1953, the 2nd Infantry Division withdrew to positions south of the
Korean Demilitarized Zone. Soon after the armistice,
8th United States Army commander,
General Maxwell D. Taylor, appointed Brigadier General
John F. R. Seitz as commander of the 2nd Infantry Division which remained on duty in Korea. Seitz commanded the division during a tense period following the armistice when both vigilance and intensive training of the
Republic of Korea Army was required by the U.S. Army until the 2nd Infantry Division was redeployed to the United States in 1954. In 1968 North Koreans continued to probe across the DMZ, and in 1969, while on patrol, four soldiers of 3d Battalion, 23d Infantry were killed. On 18 August 1976, during a routine tree-trimming operation within the DMZ, two American officers of the Joint Security Force (
Joint Security Area) were axed to death in a melee with North Korean border guards called the
Axe Murder Incident. On 21 August, following the deaths, the 2nd Infantry Division supported the
United Nations Command in "Operation Paul Bunyan" to cut down the "Panmunjeom Tree". This effort was conducted by Task Force Brady (named after the 2nd ID Commander) in support of Task Force Vierra (named after the Joint Security Area Battalion commander). Given the task of defending likely areas of enemy advance from the north, in 1982 the division occupied 17 camps, 27 sites, and 6 combat guard posts in strategic locations such as the Western (Kaesong-Munsan) Corridor; the Chorwon-Uijongbu Valley and other areas. An aviation brigade, the Aviation Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division, was activated in September 1988.
Organization 1987–1993 In 1987–1993 parts of the division were organized as follows: •
Aviation Brigade,
Camp Stanley • Headquarters & Headquarters Company • 5th Squadron,
17th Cavalry (Reconnaissance),
Camp Garry Owen (M60A3 Patton main battle tanks &
OH-58C Kiowa helicopters) • Headquarters & Headquarters Battery • 1st Battalion,
4th Field Artillery,
Camp Pelham (18 ×
M198 155 mm towed howitzers; up-gunning to 24 × M198) • 8th Battalion,
8th Field Artillery, Camp Stanley (18 × M198 155 mm towed howitzers; switching to 24 ×
M109A3 155 mm self-propelled howitzers) • Battery F,
26th Field Artillery, Camp Stanley (Target Acquisition) • Battery B, 6th Battalion,
32nd Field Artillery,
Camp Mercer (attached
Eighth Army unit with 2x
MGM-52 Lance with
W70-3 nuclear warheads) • 702nd Maintenance Battalion, Camp Casey • Company C, 2nd Aviation (Aviation Intermediate Maintenance), Camp Stanley •
2nd Engineer Battalion,
Camp Castle •
122nd Signal Battalion, Camp Casey • 102nd Military Intelligence Battalion, Camp Hovey • 2nd Military Police Company, Camp Casey • 4th Chemical Company, Camp Casey • 2nd Infantry Division Band, Camp Casey • 44th Engineer Battalion, Camp Howze
Recent times in Korea On 13 June 2002, a 2ID
armored vehicle struck and killed two 14-year-old South Korean schoolgirls on the Yangju highway as the vehicle was returning to base in
Uijeongbu after training maneuvers. Sergeants Mark Walker and Fernando Nino, the two soldiers involved, were found not guilty of
negligent homicide in a subsequent
General Court-martial. The deaths and court-martial were the subject of anti-American sentiment in South Korea; the two girls are annually memorialized near US military bases in South Korea to this day. The 2nd Infantry Division is in South Korea, with a number of camps near the DMZ. Command headquarters are located at
Camp Humphreys in
Pyeongtaek-si, some 40 miles south of Seoul.
Iraq War From November 2003 to November 2004, the 3rd Stryker Brigade Combat Team deployed from Fort Lewis, Washington in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. In the sands of Iraq the 3rd Brigade Stryker Brigade Combat Team proved the value of the Stryker brigade concept in combat and logistics operations. During the late spring of 2004, many of the soldiers of the 2nd Infantry Division's 2d Brigade Combat Team were given notice that they were about to be ordered to further deployment, with duty in Iraq. Units involved in this call-up included:
1st Battalion, 503rd Infantry Regiment; 1st Battalion,
506th Infantry Regiment (Air Assault); 2d Battalion, 17th Field Artillery Regiment; 1st Battalion,
9th Infantry Regiment (Mechanized);
44th Engineer Battalion; 2nd Forward Support Battalion; Company A, 102nd Military Intelligence Battalion; Company B,
122d Signal Battalion, elements of the 2d Battalion, 72nd Armor Regiment, a team from the 509th Personnel Services Battalion, and B Battery, 5th Battalion
5th Air Defense Artillery Regiment (Deployed as a combination of mechanized infantry and light infantry with two platoons of Bradley Fighting Vehicles and 1 platoon of armored HMMWVs). As a result of the short notice, extensive training was conducted by the brigade as they switched from a focus of the foreign defense of South Korea to the offensive operations that were going to be needed in Iraq. Furthermore, time was given for the majority of the soldiers to enjoy ten days of leave. This was vital: many of the soldiers had been in South Korea for a year or more with only two weeks or less time in the United States during their stay of duty. More, they were about to depart on a deployment scheduled to last at least another year. Finally, in August 2004, the brigade deployed to Iraq. Upon landing in country, the 2d BCT was given strategic command to much of the sparsely populated area south and west of Fallujah. Their mission, however, changed when the major strategic actions began to take place within the city proper. At this time, the brigade combat team was refocused and given control of the eastern half of the volatile city of Ar-Ramadi. Within a few weeks of taking over operational control from the previous units, 2nd Brigade began suffering casualties from violent activity. Many of the units had to move to new camps in support of this new mission. The primary focus of the 2d BCT for much of their deployment was the struggle to gain local support and to minimize casualties. The brigade was spread out amongst many camps. To the west of the city of Ar-Ramadi sat the camp of Junction City. 2ID units stationed there included: HQ 2d BCT, 2nd ID; 2–17th Field Artillery; 1–9th Infantry; 44th Engineer Battalion; Company A, 102d Military Intelligence Battalion; Company B,
122d Signal Battalion, and Company C (Medical), 2d Forward Support Battalion. To the eastern end of the city sat a much more austere camp, known as the Combat Outpost. This was home to the 1-503d Infantry Regiment. East of them but outside of the city proper itself was the town of Habbiniya and the 1–506th Infantry Regiment. Adjacent to this camp was the logistically important camp of Al-Taqaddum, where the 2d Forward Support Battalion was stationed. For this mission, the brigade fell under the direct command not of the 2d Infantry Division, but rather under a Marine division. For the first six months while in
Ramadi, the BCT fell under the
1st Marine Division. For the second half of the deployment, they were attached to the
2nd Marine Division. While the Marines do not wear unit patches on their uniforms, the units of the 2d BCT involved are authorized to now wear any of the following
combat patches: the 2nd Infantry Division patch, the
1st Marine Division unit patch or the
2nd Marine Division unit patch. The 2d Brigade Combat Team was in action in the city of Ramadi for many events, including the Iraqi national elections of January 2005. While the voting was accomplished and little to no violence was seen within the city, few voters participated (estimated to be in the 700 person range for the eastern half of the city, according to 2nd BCT officials). The 2d BCT also built several new camps within the city. For security reasons, many are left unverified, however ones that can be confirmed include Camps Trotter and Corregidor built to ease the burden on the accommodations at Combat Outpost. In July 2005, the brigade began to get relieved by units of the Army National Guard, as well as the 3d Infantry Division of the Regular Army. Six months into the deployment, the units of the 2d BCT were given word that they would not be returning to South Korea but, rather, to
Fort Carson, Colorado in an effort to restructure the Army and house more soldiers on American soil. From June 2006 to September 2007, the 3rd Stryker Brigade Combat Team deployed from Fort Lewis, Washington in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. During the 3rd Stryker Brigade's second deployment to Operation Iraqi Freedom their mission was to assist the Iraqi security forces with counter-insurgency operations in the Ninewa Province. 46 soldiers from the brigade were killed during the deployment. On 1 June 2006 at Fort Lewis, Washington the 4th Brigade, 2d Infantry Division was formed. From April 2007 to July 2008 the 4th Stryker Brigade Combat Team was deployed in as part of the surge to regain control of the situation in Iraq. The brigade assumed responsibility for the area north of Baghdad and the Diyala province. 35 soldiers from the brigade were killed during the deployment. From October 2006 to January 2008, the 2nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team deployed from Fort Carson, Colorado in support of the Multi-National Division – Baghdad (1st Cavalry Division) and was responsible for assisting the Iraqi forces to become self-reliant, bringing down the violence and insurgency levels and supporting the rebuilding of the Iraqi infrastructure. 43 soldiers from the brigade were killed during the deployment. SSG Christopher B. Waiters of 5th Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment, 3d Brigade Combat Team was awarded the
Distinguished Service Cross on 23 October 2008 for his actions on 5 April 2007 when he was a specialist. Shortly after, SPC Erik Oropeza of the 4th Battalion, 9th Infantry Regiment, 4th Brigade Combat Team Thus the division will be credited with the 17th and 18th Distinguished Service Cross awardings since 1975. The 2nd Infantry Division's
4th Brigade Combat Team deployed to Iraq in the fall of 2009. 3rd Brigade deployed to Iraq 4 August 2009 for the brigade's third deployment to Iraq, the most of any Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT).
War in Afghanistan On 17 February 2009, President
Barack Obama ordered 4,000 soldiers from the 5th
Stryker Brigade Combat Team to
Afghanistan, along with 8,000
Marines. Soldiers are being sent there because of the worsening situation in the Afghan War. These soldiers were deployed in the southeast, on the
Afghanistan-
Pakistan border. During deployment, 35 soldiers were killed in combat, two others were killed in accidents, and 239 were wounded. In July 2010, the 5th Stryker Brigade Combat Team was inactivated and reflagged as the 2nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team. The brigade's Special Troops Battalion was also inactivated and reflagged and the rest of the subordinate units were reassigned to the reactivated 2nd SBCT. 3rd SBCT deployed in December 2011 and served in Afghanistan for one-year. 16 soldiers from the brigade died during the deployment. They were joined by their sister Stryker brigade, the 2nd SBCT, in the spring. 2nd Brigade returned around December 2012 and January 2013 having lost eight soldiers during deployment. The 4th Stryker BCT also deployed to its first deployment to the country in fall 2012 and returned in summer 2013 having lost four soldiers.
Rogue "kill team" criminal charges During the summer of 2010, the U.S. military charged five members of the 3rd Platoon, Bravo Company,
2nd Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment with the formation of a "kill team", which staged three separate murders of Afghan civilians in
Kandahar province. In addition, seven soldiers were also charged with crimes including
hashish use, impeding an investigation and attacking a
whistleblowing soldier who alerted MPs during an initially unrelated investigation into hashish use by members of the 3rd Platoon. The alleged ringleader was
Staff Sergeant Calvin Gibbs. • On 15 January 2010, Gul Mudin was killed "by means of throwing a fragmentary grenade at him and shooting him with a rifle," an action carried out by SPC Jeremy Morlock and PFC Andrew Holmes under the direction of Gibbs. Morlock allegedly told Holmes, age 19 and on his first tour of duty, that the killing was carried out for fun. • On 22 February, Gibbs and SPC Michael S. Wagnon allegedly shot the second victim, Marach Agha, and placed a Kalashnikov next to the body to justify the killing. • On 2 May, Mullah Adadhdad was killed after being shot and attacked with a grenade. SPC Adam C. Winfield and Gibbs were allegedly the perpetrators. Christopher Winfield, the father of platoon member SPC Adam Winfield, attempted to alert the Army of the kill team's existence after his son explained the situation from Afghanistan via a Facebook chat. In response to the news from his son, Winfield called the Army inspector general's 24-hour hotline, the office of Sen.
Bill Nelson (D-Fla.), and a sergeant at
Joint Base Lewis-McChord who told him to call the
Army Criminal Investigation Division. He then contacted the Fort Lewis command center and spoke to a sergeant on duty who agreed that SPC Winfield was in potential danger but that he had to report the crime to his superiors before the Army could take action.
Reorganization Since the inactivation of the
1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division on 2 July 2015, the Brigade Combat Team requirement in Korea has been filled by rotational forces from the United States on nine-month deployments. From 2015 to 2022, but in the summer of 2022 the Army announced the Korea Rotational Force would switch from the armor to Stryker brigades. Rotational units were primarily stationed in Camp Casey until 2017 when the forces were split between Camp Casey and Camp Humphreys. Previously, the 7th Infantry Division had peacetime supervision of two Stryker brigades of the 2d Infantry Division while they were garrisoned at
Joint Base Lewis-McChord in
Washington State. But under the Army's restructuring in 2024, the two brigades were formally transferred to the 7th ID. Their previous two brigades, 1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team "Ghost Brigade" and 2nd Stryker Brigade Combat Team "Lancer Brigade" were reflagged under 7th Infantry Division. ==Locations==