By place and Date Roman Republic •
Consuls:
Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus,
Gaius Claudius Marcellus. •
Caesar's Civil War commences: •
January 1 – The
Roman Senate receives a proposal from
Julius Caesar that he and
Pompey should lay down their
commands simultaneously. The Senate responds that Caesar must immediately surrender his command. •
January – Caesar leads his army
across the Rubicon, which separates his jurisdiction in
Cisalpine Gaul from that of the Senate in
Rome, and thus initiates a civil war. • February – Pompey's flight to
Epirus (in
Western Greece) with most of the Senate. •
March 9 – Caesar advances against Pompeian forces in
Spain. •
April 19 –
Siege of Massilia: Caesar commences a siege at Massilia against the Pompeian
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus. He leaves the newly raised legions XVII, XVIII and XIX to conduct the siege.
Decimus Brutus – victor over the
Veneti (see
56 BC) – is in charge of the fleet to
blockade the harbor. • June – Caesar arrives in
Spain; seizes the
Pyrenees passes against the Pompeians
L. Afranius and
Marcus Petreius. •
June 7 –
Cicero slips out of
Italy and goes to
Thessaloniki. •
July 30 – Caesar surrounds
Afranius and Petreius's army in
Ilerda. •
August 2 – Pompeians in Ilerda surrender to Caesar and are granted pardon. •
August 24 – Caesar's general
Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in
North Africa by the Pompeians under
Attius Varus and King
Juba I of Numidia (whom he defeated earlier in the
Battle of Utica) in the
Battle of the Bagradas, after which he commits suicide. • September – Brutus defeats the combined Pompeian-Massilian naval forces of the siege of Massilia, while the Caesarian fleet in the
Adriatic Sea is defeated near Curicta (
Krk). •
September 6 – Massilia surrenders to Caesar, as he is coming back from Spain. • October – Caesar is appointed
Dictator in Rome. == Births ==