Interlace (art)

: Iron Age Torque de Foxados, Museo de Pontevedra, Galicia Northern Europe Interlace is a key feature of the "Style II" animal style decoration of Migration Period art, and is found widely across Northern Europe, and was carried by the Lombards into Northern Italy. Typically the long "ribbons" eventually terminate in an animal's head. By about 700 it becomes less common in most of Europe, but continues to develop in the British Isles and Scandinavia, where it is found on metalwork, woodcarving, runestones, high crosses, and illuminated manuscripts of the 7th to 12th centuries. Artist George Bain has characterised the early Insular knotwork found in the 7th-century Book of Durrow and the Durham Cathedral Gospel Book fragment as "broken and rejoined" braids. Whether Coptic braid patterns were transmitted directly to Hiberno-Scottish monasteries from the eastern Mediterranean or came via Lombardic Italy is uncertain. This new style featured elongated beasts intertwined into symmetrical shapes, and can be dated to the mid-7th century based on the accepted dating of examples in the Sutton Hoo treasure. The full-flowering of Northern European interlace occurred in the Insular art of the British Isles, where the animal style ornament of Northern Europe blended with ribbon knotwork and Christian influences in such works as the Book of Kells and the Cross of Cong. Interlaces are also an important ornament used in Brâncovenesc architecture, an architectural style that evolved in Romania during the administration of Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Later, in the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th, it will be reused in Romanian Revival architecture. ==Gallery==

File:Pergamon Museum Berlin 2007069.jpg|Roman interlace on a floor from a private house in Gerasa, Jordan, 2nd century, mosaic, Pergamon Museum, Berlin File:+ 1997 erklärte die UNESCO Die Villa Romana del Casale zum Weltkulturerbe 18.jpg|Roman interlaces on a mosaic floor, Villa Romana del Casale, near Piazza Armerina, Italy, unknown architect, early 4th century File:Mozaicul din Constanta fara alb.JPG|Roman interlaces on a floor, 4th-6th centuries, mosaic, Constanța History and Archaeology Museum, Constanța, Romania File:British Museum - Room 41 (20626313758).jpg|Insular belt buckle from Sutton Hoo, 580–620, gold and niello, British Museum, London File:LindisfarneFol27rIncipitMatt.jpg|Insular animal and knot interlace in the Lindisfarne Gospels, early 8th century, ink and pigments on paper, British Library, London File:BookDimmaJohnSymbol.jpg|Page from the Book of Dimma with simple Insular interlace borders, 8th century, illuminated manuscript, Library of Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland File:Aberlemno Kirkyard stone.JPG|Cross decorated with Insular interlaces, part of the Aberlemno Sculptured Stones, unknown sculptor, 800, sandstone, Aberlemo, Scotland, UK File:KellsFol124rTuncCrucixerant detail.png|Detail of decorated Insular initial "T" with ribbon interlace filling and interlaced animal motif, Book of Kells, 800, illuminated manuscript, Library of Trinity College Dublin File:10cent pleter Drzislav.jpg|Inscription of Stephen Držislav of Croatia, 10th century, an example of the three-strand Croatian interlace File:2018 - Byzantine Museum, Athens - Marble slab, 11th century - Photo by Giovanni Dall'Orto, Nov 12 2009.jpg|Byzantine interlaces on a slab, 11th century, marble, Byzantine and Christian Museum, Athens File:U 1014, Ärentuna.JPG|Uppland Runic Inscription 1014 with Viking interlaced animal, Uppland, Sweden, attributed to the runemaster Öpir, late 11th or early 12th century File:Egerton ms 1139!1 fse005r.jpg|Byzantine interlaces on the cover of the Melisende Psalter, 1131-1143, ivory, British Library File:Saint Louis Psalter 30 verso.jpg|Romanesque interlace on an initial "inhabited" with figures on a page of the Leiden Saint Louis Psalter, 1190-1200, ink and painting on parchment, Leiden University Library, Leiden, Netherlands Image:Al-Bawwâb 001.jpg|Islamic interlaces on a carpet page from the Ibn al-Bawwab Qur'an, by Ibn al-Bawwab, 11th century, ink and painting on paper, Chester Beatty Library, Dublin File:Arabischer Maler um 1180 001.jpg|Folio from a manuscript of the Qur'an with Islamic interlaced border, 1182, ink and painting on parchment, Istanbul University Library, Istanbul, Turkey File:Victoria and Albert Museum 2022-04-24h.jpg|Islamic interlace on a tile from an architectural frieze, 1380-1420, glazed earthenware, Victoria and Albert Museum, London File:Codex page with portrait by Ambrogio de Predis.jpg|Renaissance interlaces on a page from a codex with a portrait of Matthias Corvinus, by Giovanni Ambrogio de Predis, 16th century, illuminated manuscript, unknown location File:Painted Neoclassical mosaic interlace in the Neues Museum in Berlin.jpg|Neoclassical interlace on a wall in the Neues Museum, Berlin, by Friedrich August Stüler, 1843-1855 File:Watts Mortuary Chapel external decoration.jpg|Art Nouveau interlaces on the shafts of the entrance portal columns of the Watts Cemetery Chapel, village cemetery of Compton, Guildford, England, inspired by Insular art, by Mary Fraser Tytler and George Redmayne, 1898 File:Interior of the George Severeanu Museum in Bucharest (32).jpg|Art Nouveau interlace on a stove in the George Severeanu Museum, Bucharest, Romania, unknown architect, 1900 File:Grave of the Vlahuți-Slătineanu Family in the Bellu Cemetery in Bucharest, Romania (13).jpg|Romanian Revival interlaces on the Vlahuți-Slătineanu Grave, Bellu Cemetery, Bucharest, by Grigore Cerkez, 1913 File:76 Strada Vasile Lascăr, Bucharest (09).jpg|Romanian Revival interlaces on a corbel of Strada Vasile Lascăr no. 76, Bucharest, by Ștefan Ciocârlan, 1925 File:Grave of the Dimitrie Vișinescu Family in the Bellu Cemetery in Bucharest, Romania (02).jpg|Romanian Revival interlaces on the Dimitrie Vișinescu Family Grave, Bellu Cemetery, unknown architect, 1930 ==Notes==