His biography is complicated by the existence of two versions of the history of the
Umayyad conquest of North Africa, those written before the 11th century and those written later. He may have been of
Arab, or
Coptic origin. He was originally a follower of
Maslama ibn Mukhallad, a member of the
Ansar, who gave him his freedom. Maslama, one of
Muhammad's companions, was appointed by the first Umayyad caliph
Muawiyah I to the position of
governor of Egypt and
Ifriqiya. The inclusion of
Ifriqiya was nominal, as until then the
Arabs had made only temporary raids in that direction without attempting permanent control. In 675, Maslama appointed Abu al-Muhajir to the position of
amir or general of the Umayyad forces in Ifriqiya. This position was already occupied by
Uqba ibn Nafi, a member of the
Banu Quraish. Maslama advised Abu al-Muhajir to relieve Uqba of his position with due deference, but it seems that this did not happen. Uqba was shackled and thrown into prison, from which he was only released when the Caliph requested to see him. As Uqba left Ifriqiya for
Damascus, he vowed to treat Abu al-Muhajir as he had been treated. Uqba had established a camp at
Qayrawan. It is said that Abu al-Muhajir abandoned this (in some accounts, destroyed it) and built another settlement two miles away. According to histories written many centuries later this city was called Tākarwān (). Until then it had been the custom for the amirs of Ifriqiya to return to Egypt between raids, and Abu al-Muhajir is said to be the first amir to stay in Ifriqiya permanently. What Abu al-Muhajir accomplished in the nine or so years of his command are not agreed by the two different versions of the histories. Histories written in the 9th century credit him with advancing no further west than
Mila, Algeria, while those written from the eleventh century on have him capturing
Tlemcen. Muawiyah's successor as Caliph,
Yazid I, was responsible for restoring Uqba to his previous position. Uqba arrived in Ifriqiya in 682, and immediately fulfilled his vow. Abu al-Muhajir was shackled and forced to accompany Uqba whenever he went on expeditions. In 683, Uqba's forces were ambushed by the
Berber chief
Kusaila near Tehouda – the ancient Roman fort of
Thabudeos – in
Algeria. Uqba is said to have offered to unchain Abu al-Muhajir so that he might have a better chance to fight, but Abu al-Muhajir said that he would rather die fighting wearing his chains. Both men were killed in this battle with 300 members of Okba's cavalry. He is buried in
Sidi Okba in
Algeria in the al-Shurafa cemetery with 300 dead of the
Battle of Vescera in front of the mosque of Sidi Okba or what is the tomb of General Uqba ibn Nafi. ==See also==