The
Mississippi Plan was part of an organized campaign of terror and violence used by the Democratic Party and
Ku Klux Klan to disenfranchise African Americans in Mississippi, block them from holding office, end Reconstruction, and restore white supremacy in the state. Nevertheless, many African Americans served in its legislature, and Mississippi was the only state that elected African-American candidates to the U.S. Senate during the Reconstruction era: A total of 37 African Americans served in the state Senate and 117 served in the state House.
Mississippi Lieutenant Governor •
Alexander Kelso Davis – Lieutenant Governor 1870–1873 (also Mississippi House)
Mississippi Secretary of State •
Hannibal C. Carter – 1873, 1874 (also Mississippi House) •
James Hill – 1874–1878 (also Mississippi House) •
James D. Lynch – 1869–1872 •
Murdock M. McLeod – October–November 1873 (also Mississippi House) •
Hiram Rhodes Revels – 1872–1873 (also U.S. Senate)
Mississippi State Senate •
George W. Albright –
Marshall County 1874–1879 •
Peter Barnabas Barrow –
Warren County 1872–1875 (also Mississippi House) •
Countelow M. Bowles –
Bolivar County 1872–1874, 1877–1878 (also Mississippi House) •
Charles Caldwell –
Hinds County 1870–1875 (also Mississippi Constitutional Convention) •
George Washington Gayles –
Bolivar County 1878–1886 (also Mississippi House) •
Robert Gleed –
Lowndes County 1870–1875 •
William H. Gray –
Washington County 1870–1875 •
Nathan Shirley –
Monroe and
Chickasaw counties 1874–1879 •
George C. Smith –
Coahoma County 1874–1875 •
Isham Stewart –
Noxubee County 1874–1879 (also Mississippi House and Mississippi Constitutional Convention) •
Thomas W. Stringer –
Warren County 1870–1871 •
George W. White –
Wilkinson County 1874–1875 (also Mississippi House) •
Jeremiah M. P. Williams –
Adams County 1870–1874, 1878–1880
Mississippi House of Representatives •
William H. Allen –
Coahoma County 1884–1887 •
L. K. Altwood –
Hinds County 1880, 1884 •
Peter Barnabas Barrow –
Warren County 1870–1871 (also Mississippi Senate) •
Monroe Bell –
Hinds County 1872 •
Stephen Blackwell –
Issaquena County 1882–1889 •
Jesse Freeman Boulden –
Lowndes County 1870 •
Countelow M. Bowles –
Bolivar County 1870 (also Mississippi Senate) •
George F. Bowles –
Adams County 1881–1894 •
Anderson Boyd –
Oktibbeha County 1874 •
George W. Boyd –
Warren County 1874 •
Walter Boyd –
Yazoo County 1874 •
Arthur Brooks –
Monroe County 1872 •
Frank P. Brooks –
Sharkey County 1866 •
George P. A. Brown –
Tunica County 1875 •
Orange Brunt –
Panola County 1874 •
Joseph Henry Bufford –
Bolivar County 1880 •
Charles W. Bush –
Warren County 1872 •
George William Butler –
Sharkey County 1884–1894 •
J. Wesley Caradine –
Clay County 1874 •
Hannibal C. Carter –
Warren County 1872, 1876 (also
Mississippi Secretary of State) •
James Cessor –
Jefferson County 1872–1877 •
George Charles –
Lawrence County 1870 •
George Washington Chavis –
Warren County 1874 •
Benjamin Chiles –
Oktibbeha County 1874–1878 •
Richard Christmas –
Copiah County 1874 •
Charles P. Clemens –
Clarke County 1874 •
Milton Coates –
Warren County 1882–1885 •
John Cocke –
Panola County 1872 •
Felix L. Cory –
Adams County 1884–1886 •
Thomas A. Cotton –
Noxubee County 1874 •
Henry Craytin –
Yazoo County 1880 •
Robert Cunningham –
Marshall County 1878 •
Alexander Kelso Davis –
Noxubee County 1870–1873 (also Lieutenant Governor) •
Willis Davis –
Noxubee County 1874–1876 •
James M. Dickson –
Yazoo County 1872 •
George Edwards –
Madison County 1878 •
Weldon W. Edwards –
Warren County 1874–1877, 1882 •
Alfred Fields –
Panola County 1880 •
Samuel Fitzhugh –
Wilkinson County 1874–1876 •
Hugh M. Foley –
Wilkinson County 1870, 1873 •
William Henderson Foote –
Yazoo County 1870 •
George Washington Gayles –
Bolivar County 1872–1875 (also Mississippi Senate) •
J. H. Glenn –
Lowndes County 1874 •
George Caldwell Granberry –
Hinds County 1882 •
David S. Green –
Grenada County 1872–1875 •
Richard Griggs –
Issaquena County 1870, 1872 (also Commissioner of Agriculture & Immigration) •
Alfred Newton Handy –
Madison County 1870–1875 •
Emanuel Handy –
Copiah County 1870–1873 •
John F. Harris –
Washington County 1890 •
W. H. Harris –
Washington County 1874, 1888 •
Henry H. Harrison –
Chickasaw County 1874 •
Charles P. Head –
Warren County 1870 •
William W. Hence –
Adams County 1880 •
Ambrose Henderson –
Chickasaw County 1870 •
John Franklin Henry –
Madison County 1884 •
Weldon Hicks –
Hinds County 1874, 1878 •
Wilson Hicks –
Rankin County 1874 •
David Higgins –
Oktibbeha County 1870 •
James Hill –
Marshall County 1872 (also
Secretary of State of Mississippi) •
William Holmes –
Monroe County 1870–1873 •
D. H. Hopson –
Coahoma County 1888 •
Gilbert Horton –
Washington County 1884 •
Russell Walker Houston –
Issaquena County 1872 •
Merrimon Howard –
Jefferson County 1870 (also sheriff) •
Perry Howard –
Holmes County 1872–1875 •
George W. Huntley –
Bolivar County 1888 •
Henry L. Jackson –
Rankin County 1888 •
Henry P. Jacobs –
Adams County 1870, 1872 •
David Jenkins – Madison County 1876 •
Albert Johnson –
Warren County 1870–1876 •
J. H. Johnson –
DeSoto County 1872–1875 •
John Johnson –
Madison County 1886–1887 •
William Johnson –
Hinds County 1872 •
Cornelius J. Jones –
Issaquena County 1890 •
William H. Jones –
Issaquena County 1874–1877 •
Reuben Kendrick –
Amite County 1872–1875 •
William Landers –
Jefferson County 1872–1876 •
Matthew Levy –
Madison County 1882 •
Samuel W. Lewis –
Madison County 1884 •
William Lucius Lowe –
Bolivar County 1886 •
John R. Lynch –
Adams County 1872, 1874; Speaker of the House 1872–1873 (also U.S. Congress) •
William H. Lynch –
Adams County 1874–1877, 1882–1889 •
William H. Mallory –
Warren County 1872,
LeFlore County and
Sunflower County 1875 •
James G. Marshall –
Holmes County 1878 •
Daniel T. J. Mathews –
Panola County 1874 •
Henry Mayson –
Hinds County 1870 (also Mississippi Constitutional Convention) •
Thomas McCain –
DeSoto County 1872–1875 •
J. W. McFarland –
Rankin County 1874 •
Murdock M. McLeod –
Hinds County 1884 (also Mississippi of Secretary State) •
Marshall McNeese –
Noxubee County 1870, 1874–1877 •
Cicero Mitchell –
Holmes County 1870, 1878 •
Peter Mitchell –
Washington County 1882, 1886 •
Joseph E. Monroe –
Coahoma County 1874–1877 •
James Aaron Moore –
Lauderdale County 1870 (also Mississippi Constitutional Convention) •
L. C. Moore –
Bolivar County 1890 •
Lemuel C. Moore –
Issaquena County 1880, 1884 •
John H. Morgan –
Washington County 1870–1875 •
George G. Moseley –
Hinds County 1874 •
Cato Nathan –
Monroe County 1874 •
Randle Nettles –
Oktibbeha County 1870–1873 •
Matthew T. Newsom –
Claiborne County 1870 (also Mississippi Constitutional Convention) •
C. F. Norris –
Hinds County 1870 •
George H. Oliver –
Coahoma County 1890 •
Lawrence W. Overton –
Noxubee County 1876 •
Jones R. Parker –
Washington County 1884 •
James G. Patterson –
Yazoo County 1874 •
Alfred Peal –
Marshall County 1874 •
Perry Peyton –
Bolivar County 1884 •
James H. Piles –
Panola County 1870–1875 (also Assistant Secretary of State) •
Albert B. Poston –
Panola County 1882 •
J. W. Randolph –
Sunflower County and
Leflore County 1874 •
Charles Reese –
Hinds County 1872 •
Elzy Richards –
Lowndes County 1872–1875 •
Samuel Riley –
Wilkinson County 1876 •
William M. Robinson –
Hinds County 1884 •
A. A. Rogers –
Marshall County 1874 •
Jacob Allen Ross –
Washington County 1871 •
Samuel A. Sanderlin –
Washington and
Issaquena counties 1876 •
Edmund Scarborough –
Holmes County, Mississippi 1870 •
Henry P. Scott –
Issaquena County 1878 •
Gray Selby –
Marshall County 1880 •
Josiah T. Settle –
Panola County 1883 •
Isaac Shadd –
Warren County 1872–1876, Speaker of the House 1874–1875 •
James A. Shorter Jr. –
Hinds County 1882 •
James S. Simmons –
Issaquena County and
Washington County 1874, 1883 •
Adam D. Simpson –
Madison County 1877 •
Gilbert C. Smith –
Tunica County 1872–1875, 1884 •
Haskin Smith –
Claiborne County 1872–1876 •
Joseph Smothers –
Claiborne County 1872–1875 •
James J. Spelman –
Madison County 1869–1875 (also a justice of the peace) •
Frederick Stewart –
Holmes County 1872 •
Isham Stewart –
Noxubee County 1870–1873 (also Mississippi Senate and Mississippi Constitutional Convention) •
Doctor Stites –
Washington County 1870 •
Thomas Sykes –
Panola County 1872 •
Robert Thompson –
Lowndes County 1874 •
Harrison Truhart –
Holmes County 1872–1875 •
Guilford Vaughan –
Panola County 1876 •
F. Dora Wade –
Yazoo County 1872 •
Jefferson Cobb Walker –
Monroe County 1874 •
George Washington –
Carroll County 1874 •
George R. Washington –
Adams County 1878 •
Tenant Weatherly –
Holmes County 1874, 1880 •
John D. Webster –
Washington County 1872 •
Eugene Welborne –
Hinds County 1874 •
George White –
Chickasaw County 1874 •
George W. White –
Wilkinson County 1870–1873 (also Mississippi Senate) •
Ralph Williams –
Marshall County 1873–1875 •
Michael Wilson –
Marion County 1870 •
Charles A. Yancy –
Panola County 1870 (died before being seated) •
James B. Young –
Washington County 1877 •
James M. Young –
Panola County 1878
Mississippi Constitutional Convention •
Charles Caldwell –
Hinds County 1868 (also Mississippi Senate) •
Amos Drane –
Madison County 1868 •
Henry Mayson –
Hinds County 1868 (also Mississippi House) •
Isaiah Montgomery –
Bolivar County 1890 (also mayor and postmaster) •
James Aaron Moore –
Lauderdale County (also Mississippi House) •
Matthew T. Newsom –
Claiborne County 1868 (also Mississippi House) •
Isham Stewart –
Noxubee County 1868 (also Mississippi House and Mississippi Senate)
Other state offices •
Thomas Cardozo – Mississippi Superintendent of Education •
Hannibal C. Carter –
Mississippi Secretary of State September 1, 1873 – October 20, 1873; November 13, 1873 – January 4, 1874 (also Mississippi House) •
Richard Griggs – Mississippi Commissioner of Agriculture & Immigration 1873–1876 (also Mississippi House) •
James Hill –
Mississippi Secretary of State January 1874–January 1878 (also Mississippi House) •
James D. Lynch –
Mississippi Secretary of State 1868–1872 •
James H. Piles – Assistant Secretary of State of Mississippi 1875 (also Mississippi House) •
Hiram Rhodes Revels –
Mississippi Secretary of State 1872–1873 (and U.S. Senate)
Federal offices •
Daniel W. Ambrose – postmaster of
Pickens January 19, 1898 – May 11, 1898 •
Henry Blackman – postmaster of
Brookhaven May 13, 1873 – November 13, 1876 •
Benjamin G. Boothe – postmaster of
Water Valley July 5, 1884 – December 5, 1885 •
Franklin P. Brinson – postmaster of
Duncansby September 20, 1897 – May 25, 1905 •
Jenkins Cook – postmaster of
Dry Grove February 1, 1898 – April 16, 1902 •
Minnie M. Cox – postmaster of
Indianola January 16, 1891 – May 22, 1897; April 17, 1893 – February 2, 1904 •
Robert W. Fitzhugh – postmaster of
Natchez January 19, 1876 – October 10, 1883 •
Joseph Graves – postmaster of
Pearlington March 7, 1883 – April 16, 1889; August 20, 1885 – May 9, 1894 •
Edward Hill – postmaster of
Raymond June 6, 1870 – May 26, 1874 •
James Hill – postmaster of
Vicksburg April 2, 1891 – April 15, 1893 •
A. D. Jones – postmaster of
Corinth February 25, 1871 – March 6, 1874 •
Thomas I. Keys – postmaster of
Ocean Springs August 4, 1897 – March 3, 1911 •
Elias W. Matthews – postmaster of
Batesville April 25, 1882 – March 7, 1883 •
William McCary – postmaster of
Natchez October 10, 1883 – August 6, 1885 •
Benjamin F. Mitchell – postmaster of
Greenwood July 23, 1873 – October 27, 1875 •
Isaiah T. Montgomery – postmaster of
Mound Bayou June 12, 1888 – March 14, 1894 •
Joshua P. T. Montgomery – postmaster of
Mound Bayou March 14, 1894 – May 2, 1895 •
Mary V. Montgomery – postmaster of
Mound Bayou May 2, 1895 – September 27, 1902 •
William Thornton Montgomery – postmaster of
Hurricane May 6, 1867 – September 14, 1880 •
Ellis E. Perkins – postmaster of
Edwards May 12, 1898 – February 15, 1910 •
Louis J. Piernas – postmaster of
Bay St. Louis April 18, 1889 – May 27, 1898; May 5, 1894 – March 3, 1911 •
Thomas Richardson – postmaster of
Port Gibson September 28, 1870 – October 6, 1876; February 27, 1890 – February 26, 1875; May 11, 1885 – March 14, 1894 •
Robert Steward – postmaster of
Macon March 11, 1875 – May 16, 1881 •
Henry K. Thomas – postmaster of
Bovina June 1, 1877 –December 5, 1882 •
Robert H. Wood – postmaster of
Natchez March 17, 1873 – April 16, 1876 (also mayor)
Local offices •
Merrimon Howard – sheriff in
Jefferson County (also Mississippi House) •
Isaiah Montgomery – mayor of
Mound Bayou (also Mississippi Constitutional Convention and postmaster) •
James J. Spelman – justice of the peace and alderman of
Canton (also Mississippi House) •
Robert H. Wood – mayor
Natchez 1870–1871;
Adams County Board of Supervisors 1871–1872 (also postmaster) ==Missouri==