Like many towns in
New England, Amherst was founded via a
land grant issued to members of the
colonial militia; the land grant which led to the town's foundation was issued in 1728 to veterans of
King Philip's War. A colonial settlement was established at the land grant's location five years later in 1733, being initially named "Narragansett Number 3" and later "Souhegan Number 3". In 1741, the settlement's inhabitants established a
Congregational church and hired a minister to preach in the settlement. On January 18, 1760, the settlement was chartered by the
governor of New Hampshire Benning Wentworth, who renamed it after General
Jeffery Amherst, who served as
Commander-in-Chief, North America during the
French and Indian War. Wentworth chartered Amherst as part of a wave of land grants he issued during the mid-18th century. In 1770, Amherst became the
county seat of Hillsborough County, due largely to its location on the county's major east-west road. It continued to prosper through the
Revolutionary War and afterwards. In 1790, the southwestern section broke off and became the town of
Milford, and in 1803, the northwest section departed to become
Mont Vernon. The development of
water-powered mills allowed Milford to grow at Amherst's expense, and the county seat was moved to Milford in 1866. The town population remained relatively stagnant until after World War II, when Amherst and many surrounding towns saw an influx of newcomers as the town became part of the
Greater Boston region.
Franklin Pierce, who later become the 14th President of the United States studied under Judge Edmund Parker in Amherst. He wed
Jane Means Appleton, the daughter of a former president of
Bowdoin College, in a house on the town green. The Nashua and Wilton Railroad passed through Amherst. == Government and politics ==