Anastasia (1956 film)

Though the last Russian Tsar and his family were executed in 1918, rumors persisted that his youngest daughter, the Grand Duchess Anastasia, somehow survived. In 1928 Paris, Anna Koreff, an ailing woman resembling Anastasia, is brought to the attention of former White Russian General Bounine, now the proprietor of a successful Russian-themed nightclub. Bounine knows that while Anna was in a mental asylum being treated for amnesia, she told a nun that she was Anastasia. When approached by Bounine and addressed as the grand duchess, she refuses to have anything to do with him. She flees and tries to throw herself into the River Seine, but is stopped. Bounine meets with his associates Boris Chernov and Piotr Petrovin. Bounine has already repeatedly raised funds from stockholders (eager to gain a share of £10 million belonging to Czar Nicholas held by a British bank) based on his claim that he had found Anastasia. Privately he admits it is a scam. But the stockholders have lost patience and given him eight days to produce her. Bounine arranges to coach Anna to pass as Anastasia. During this time, she and Bounine begin to develop feelings for one another. Later, in a series of carefully arranged encounters with former familiars and members of the imperial court, Anna begins to display confidence and style that astonish many skeptical interlocutors. While a few accept Anna as Anastasia, no relative with any credibility will endorse her. With time running out, Bounine takes Anna to Copenhagen to convince the highly skeptical dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, Anastasia's grandmother. Meanwhile, Bounine becomes increasingly jealous of the attentions that Prince Paul, another fortune hunter, pays to Anna. The Empress initially refuses to receive Anna; however, after seeing her at a Tchaikovsky ballet, the resemblance to Anastasia piques her curiosity. Unannounced, the Empress visits; at first she declares Anna a well-trained actress, skilled in melodrama. She is unmoved by details generally known to courtiers. When Anna refers to her nickname as "Malenkaya" (Little) and then begins to cough, declaring that she always coughs when she is frightened, the empress becomes convinced that Anna is her granddaughter. Nevertheless, she exclaims, “You have come back, Anastasia!… but, oh please, if it should not be you, don’t ever tell me.” At a press conference presenting Anna as Anastasia, Mikhail Vlados, who met Anna at a hospital in Bucharest in 1920 and then took her home with him, accuses her of being Anna Koreff, a fraud. Anna acknowledges that she has used that name, unsure of who she was. Vlados accuses her of having sustained head wounds in a train explosion outside Bucharest, not in a Russian assassination attempt. Anna replies that she remembers being in a train explosion and that it is possible to have been wounded twice in a revolution. Bounine expresses disapproval that Anna now wants to marry Prince Paul, have the money, and the nobility, whereas originally she just wanted to know who she really was. She points out that a month ago he wanted the same thing. He scornfully tells her to marry Paul, a man who would not go near her if she weren't an heiress. At a grand ball in Copenhagen at which Anna/Anastasia's engagement to Paul is to be announced, the dowager Empress has a private conversation with Bounine in which he comes close to admitting feelings for Anna. The Empress sends him to the Green Room. In a conversation with Anna, the Empress realizes that Anna has fallen in love with Bounine; she also sends Anna to the Green Room, staging an encounter between them. When it is time to announce Anastasia at the ball, an attendant announces that Anastasia is nowhere to be found. The Empress asks whether he has checked the Green Room. When told yes, she then states decisively that Anastasia and Bounine have both gone. Prince Paul then asks, "You mean the others were right, she was not Anastasia after all?" The Empress responds, "Wasn't she?" When Paul asks what she will announce to the courtiers, the Empress responds, "I will say the play is over, go home" (the final words of dialog), as the anthem God Save the Tsar is played. The film leaves it ambiguous whether "Anastasia" is real. ==Cast==

(Petrovin), Ingrid Bergman (Anastasia), Akim Tamiroff (Chernov) and Yul Brynner (Bounine). Credits from the American Film Institute: • Ingrid Bergman as Anna Koreff / Anastasia • Yul Brynner as General Sergei Pavlovich Bounine • Helen Hayes as the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna • Akim Tamiroff as Boris Andreevich Chernov • Martita Hunt as Baroness Elena von Livenbaum • Felix Aylmer as Chamberlain • Sacha Pitoëff as Piotr Ivanovich Petrovin • Ivan Desny as Prince Paul von Haraldberg • Natalie Schafer as Irina Lissemskaia • Grégoire Gromoff as Stepan • Karel Štěpánek as Mikhail Vlados • Ina De La Haye as Marusia • Katherine Kath as Maxime • Eric Pohlmann as Von Drivnitz • Olaf Pooley as Zhadanov • Peter Sallis as Grischa • Tamara Shayne as Zenia • Nora Nicholson as Lady-in-Waiting • George Pravda as Danish Customs Officer == Background ==

Historical basis . in 1922. The play and film are both inspired by the phenomenon of Anastasia impostors, who appeared in the years following the Russian Imperial Romanov family's death in July 1918. In February 1920 she was institutionalized in a Berlin mental hospital after a suicide attempt. She initially refused to identify herself, later going by "Anna Tchaikowsky". Over the next few years, the woman was identified by several White Russian émigrés as Anastasia. She lived with a succession of émigrés and exiled White Russian nobles, with varying degrees of belief or skepticism in her identity as Anastasia. While the play and film depict Tsarina Maria Feodorovna as privately accepting Anna's legitimacy, the actual Tsarina publicly denounced the Anderson as an imposter in 1928. The Copenhagen Statement, as it would come to be known, explained: "Our sense of duty compels us to state that the story is only a fairy tale. The memory of our dear departed would be tarnished if we allowed this fantastic story to spread and gain any credence." The play and film do not reveal whether Anna is the Romanov princess, but suggests through subtle hints that she is. The gradual realization of her true identity is juxtaposed against Bounine's growing romantic interest in Anna. In one speech, he says to Anna/Anastasia that he cares for who she is and not what her name is. ==Production==

Casting The film marked Bergman's return to working for a Hollywood studio after several years of working in Italy with her husband, Roberto Rossellini. (Their marriage had caused a scandal, as he divorced his then current wife, Marcella DeMarchis to be with her.) The film was also a comeback for Helen Hayes. She had suspended her career for several years due to the death of her daughter Mary, and her husband's failing health. Filming Anastasia was primarily filmed on-location in Paris, with a second unit capturing location footage of Copenhagen. Knebworth House was used to represent the Empress Marie's palace. == Reception ==

The film received generally positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic, the film has an average score of 61 out of 100 based on 19 reviews, indicating "generally favorable" reviews. Mae Tinee of the Chicago Tribune called the film "Beautifully balanced with history and fantasy woven into a background of searing sorrow and royal pomp, this is one of the year's most enjoyable films. It is presented with wit, warmth, delicacy, and skill." Many critics emphasized the film's status as Ingrid Bergman's comeback vehicle. Jean Yothers of the Orlando Sentinel wrote "After an absence of seven years from American-made films, beauteous Ingrid Bergman returns triumphantly." Moira Walsh of America wrote "Given a chance, Miss Bergman looks as lovely as ever and gives an effective high-tension performance." Some critics believed the film was bound too much to the static settings and theatrical "scenes" of the play, but additional, essentially decorative, ball scenes were added to open up the action. Awards and nominations Twin film A West German film based on Anna Anderson, The Story of Anastasia (German: Anastasia, die letzte Zarentochter) was released the same year. Both films star Ivan Desny. (see: twin films) == See also ==