Annona

Annona species are taprooted, evergreen or semideciduous, tropical trees or shrubs. ==Toxicology==

is a neurotoxin found in Annona muricata seeds. The compound annonacin and dozens of other acetogenins contained in the seeds and fruit of some members of Annonaceae such as Annona muricata (soursop) are neurotoxins and seem to be the cause of a Parkinson-like neurodegenerative disease. The only group of people known to be affected by this disease live on the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe and the problem presumably occurs with the consumption of plants containing annonacin. The disorder is a so-called tauopathy associated with a pathologic accumulation of tau protein in the brain. Experimental results published in 2007 demonstrated for the first time that the plant neurotoxin annonacin is responsible for this accumulation. ==Selected species==

There are 169 accepted Annona species, as of April 2021, according to Plants of the World Online. • Annona acuminata • Annona acutiflora • Annona ambotay • Annona angustifolia • Annona asplundiana • Annona atabapensis • Annona aurantiaca • Annona bullata • Annona cacans – araticum-cagão • Annona cascarilloides • Annona cherimola – cherimoya • Annona chrysophylla – graines • Annona conica • Annona cordifolia • Annona coriacea • Annona cornifolia • Annona crassiflora – araticum do cerrado, marolo • Annona crassivenia • Annona cristalensis • Annona cubensis • Annona deceptrix • Annona deminuta • Annona dioica • Annona diversifolia • Annona dolichophylla • Annona ecuadorensis • Annona ekmanii • Annona foetida • Annona fosteri • Annona glabra – pond apple, alligator apple, monkey apple • Annona globiflora • Annona haematantha • Annona haitiensis • Annona hypoglauca • Annona hystricoides • Annona jahnii • Annona jamaicensis • Annona longiflora • Annona macrocarpa auct. • Annona macroprophyllata • Annona manabiensis • Annona moaensis • Annona montana Macfad. – mountain soursop • Annona muricata – soursop, graviola • Annona nitida • Annona nutans • Annona oligocarpa • Annona paludosa • Annona papilionella • Annona pittieri • Annona praetermissa • Annona purpurea – soncoya • Annona reticulata – custard apple, bullock's heart • Annona rigida • Annona rosei • Annona salzmannii – beach sugar apple • Annona scleroderma – poshe-te, cawesh, wild red custard apple • Annona sclerophylla • Annona senegalensis – African custard apple • Annona sericea • Annona spraguei • Annona squamosa – sugar apple, sweetsop • Annona stenophylla • Annona tenuiflora • Annona tomentosa • Annona trunciflora Hybrids • Annona × atemoya – atemoya ==Insects and diseases==

Annona species are generally disease-free. They are susceptible to some fungi and wilt. Ants may also be a problem, since they promote mealybugs on the fruit. ;Insects • Braephratiloides cubense (annona seed borer) • Bepratelloides cubense (annona seed borer) ---- ;Fungi • Armillaria (oak root fungus) • Ascochyta cherimolaer • Athelia rolfsii • Botryodiplodia theobromae • Cercospora annonaceae • Cladosporium carpophilum • Colletotrichium spp • Colletotrichium annonicola • Colletotrichum gloeosporioides • Diplodia natalensis (dry fruit rot) • Erythricium salmonicolor • Fumagina spp • Fusarium solani • Gloeosporium spp • Glomerella cingulata • Isariopsis anonarum • Monilia spp • Nectria episphaeria • Oidium spp • Phakopsora cherimolae • Phomopsis spp • Phomopsis annonacearum • Phyllosticta spp • Phythium spp • Phytophtora palmivora • Phytophtora parasitica • Rhizoctonia noxia • Rhizoctonia solani • Rhizoctonia spp • Rhizopus nigricans • Rhizopus stolonifer • Salssetia oleare • Uredo cherimola • Verticillium spp (wilt) • Zignoella annonicola ---- ;Nematodes • Cephalobidae spp. • Dorylaimidae spp. • Gracilacus spp. • Helicotylenchus spp. • Hemicycliophora spp. • Hoplolaimidae spp. • Meloidogyne incognita spp. • Pratylenchus spp. • Paratylenchus micoletzky. Rhabditis spp. • Tylenchorhynchus spp. • Xiphinema americanum ---- ;Algae • Cephaleuros virescens • Cephalosporium spp. • Paecilomyces spp. ---- ;Diseases • Fruit rot ==References==

File:Atemola (cross of Annona cherimola and Annona squamosa).jpg|Atemoya (A. cherimola × A. squamosa) File:Cherimoya plantage hg.jpg|Cherimoya (A. cherimola) plantation File:Annona muricata-guanábana.jpg|Soursop (A. muricata) File:Sugar-apples 5, Taitung County, Dec 06.JPG|Sugar apples (A. squamosa) File:Anona-custard-apple-inside1.jpg|Sugar apple (A. squamosa) interior File:Anona-custard-apple-inside2.jpg|Sugar apple interior File:Anona-custard-apple-outside.jpg|Sugar apple exterior File:Annona_muricata2.jpg|Annona muricata File:Araticum 3.jpg|A. crassiflora fruit File:Annona salzmannii27.JPG|The fruit of A. salzmannii File:Annona squamosa (Custurd Apple) flower in Hyderabad W IMG 7408.jpg|Annona squamosa flower and leaves in Hyderabad, India File:Annona glabra fl.jpg|Annona glabra fruit. File:Annona cherimola fruit, Pedra Bela, Brazil.jpg|Annona cherimola fruit, Pedra Bela, Brazil File:Halved annona fruit.JPG|Halved annona fruit File:Annona fruit.JPG|Annona tree, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico File:Anonna fruit.JPG|Annona fruit