List of antidepressants

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors include: • Citalopram (Celexa, Cipramil) • Escitalopram (Lexapro, Cipralex) • Fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem) • Fluvoxamine (Luvox, Faverin) • Paroxetine (Paxil, Seroxat) • Sertraline (Zoloft, Lustral) Discontinued/withdrawn • Indalpine (Upstene) • Zimelidine (Normud, Zelmid) ==Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)==

Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include: • Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) • Duloxetine (Cymbalta) • Levomilnacipran (Fetzima) • Milnacipran (Ixel, Savella, Milnaneurax) • Venlafaxine (Effexor, Trevilor) ==Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SDRIs)==

Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include: None currently marketed Discontinued/withdrawn • Medifoxamine (Clédial, Gerdaxy) ==Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (SNDRIs)==

Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include: • Dextromethorphan/bupropion (Auvelity) • Toludesvenlafaxine (Ruoxinlin) • Nefazodone (Serzone) ==Serotonin modulators and stimulators (SMSs)==

Serotonin modulators and stimulators include: • Vilazodone (Viibryd) • Vortioxetine (Trintellix, Brintellix) ==Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs)==

Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors include: • Nefazodone (Dutonin, Nefadar, Serzone) – withdrawn/discontinued in most countries • Trazodone (Desyrel) Discontinued/withdrawn • Etoperidone (Axiomin, Etonin) ==Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs)==

Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include: • Reboxetine (Edronax) • Teniloxazine (Lucelan, Metatone) – also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist • Viloxazine (Qelbree, formerly Vivalan) – also a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist and 5-HT2C receptor agonist Off-label only • Atomoxetine (Strattera) ==Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)==

Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include: • Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Elontril) – also a non-competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors Off-label only • Amphetamines (Adderall, Vyvanse) – actually norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agents (NDRAs) Discontinued/withdrawn • Amineptine (Survector, Maneon) • Nomifensine (Merital, Alival) ==Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)==

Tricyclic antidepressants include: • Amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep) • Amitriptylinoxide (Amioxid, Ambivalon, Equilibrin) • Amoxapine (Asendin) • Clomipramine (Anafranil) • Desipramine (Norpramin, Pertofrane) • Dibenzepin (Noveril, Victoril) • Dimetacrine (Istonil) • Dosulepin (Prothiaden) • Doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan) • Imipramine (Tofranil) • Lofepramine (Lomont, Gamanil) • Melitracen (Dixeran, Melixeran, Trausabun) • Nitroxazepine (Sintamil) • Nortriptyline (Pamelor, Aventyl) • Noxiptiline (Agedal, Elronon, Nogedal) • Pipofezine (Azafen/Azaphen) • Protriptyline (Vivactil) • Trimipramine (Surmontil) Opipramol (Insidon), tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil) and amineptine (discontinued; formerly Survector, Maneon) are chemically TCAs but are pharmacodynamically atypical, and are therefore grouped elsewhere. Discontinued/withdrawn • Butriptyline (Evadyne) • Demexiptiline (Deparon, Tinoran) • Fluacizine (Phtorazisin) • Imipraminoxide (Imiprex, Elepsin) • Iprindole (Prondol, Galatur, Tetran) • Metapramine (Timaxel) • Propizepine (Depressin, Vagran) • Quinupramine (Kinupril, Kevopril) • Tiazesim (Altinil) – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant • Tofenacin (Elamol, Tofacine) – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant ==Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs)==

Tetracyclic antidepressants include: • Maprotiline (Ludiomil) • Mianserin (Tolvon) • Mirtazapine (Remeron) • Setiptiline (Tecipul) Mianserin, mirtazapine, and setiptiline are also sometimes described as noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NaSSAs). ==Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)==

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors include Irreversible Non-selective • Isocarboxazid (Marplan) • Phenelzine (Nardil) • Tranylcypromine (Parnate) Discontinued/withdrawn • Benmoxin (Neuralex) • Iproclozide (Sursum) • Iproniazid (Marsilid) • Mebanazine (Actomol) • Nialamide (Niamid) • Octamoxin (Ximaol) • Pheniprazine (Catron) • Phenoxypropazine (Drazine) • Pivhydrazine (Tersavid) • Safrazine (Safra) Selective for MAO-B • Selegiline (Eldepryl, Zelapar, Emsam) – also a catecholaminergic activity enhancer and weak norepinephrine releasing agent (via metabolites) Reversible Non-selective Discontinued/withdrawn • Caroxazone (Surodil, Timostenil) Selective for MAO-A • Metralindole (Inkazan) • Moclobemide (Aurorix, Manerix) • Pirlindole (Pirazidol) These drugs are sometimes described as reversible inhibitors of MAO-A (RIMAs). Discontinued/withdrawn • Eprobemide (Befol) • Minaprine (Brantur, Cantor) • Toloxatone (Humoryl) Mixed Non-selective • Bifemelane (Alnert, Celeport) – RIMA, irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B, and weak NRI ==Atypical antipsychotics==

Atypical antipsychotics include: • Amisulpride (Solian) – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for persistent depression and major depressive disorder • Levosulpiride – approved in low doses for major depressive disorder • Lumateperone (Caplyta) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression • Lurasidone (Latuda) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression • Quetiapine (Seroquel) – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression • Sulpiride – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for major depressive disorder ==Others==

Marketed • D-Phenylalanine (DPA, D-Phe; Deprenon, Sabiben, Sabiden) – enkephalinase inhibitor • Agomelatine (Valdoxan) – 5-HT2C receptor antagonist and MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist • Brexanolone (allopregnanolone; Zulresso) – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator – approved for postpartum depression • Dextromethorphan/bupropion (Auvelity) • Esketamine (Spravato) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions • Gepirone (Exxua) – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist • Opipramol (Insidon) — σ1 receptor agonist, other actions • Tianeptine (Stablon, Coaxil, Tianeurax) – weak and atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist, other actions Off-label only • Ketamine (Ketalar) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist Discontinued/withdrawn • α-Methyltryptamine [αMT] (Indopan) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), and weak RIMA • Etryptamine [α-Ethyltryptamine (αET)] (Monase) – non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, SNDRA, and weak RIMA • Indeloxazine (Elen, Noin) – serotonin releasing agent (SRA), NRI, and NMDA receptor antagonist • Oxaflozane (Conflictan) – 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist • Pivagabine (Tonerg) – unknown/unclear mechanism of action Over-the-counter The following antidepressants are available both with a prescription and over-the-counter: • Ademetionine [S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe)] (Heptral, Transmetil, Samyl) – cofactor in monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis • Hypericum perforatum [St. John's Wort (SJW)] (Jarsin, Kira, Movina) – TRPC6 activator, and various other actions • Oxitriptan [5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)] (Cincofarm, Levothym, Triptum) – precursor in serotonin biosynthesis • Tryptophan (Tryptan, Optimax, Aminomine) – precursor in serotonin biosynthesis ==Adjunctive treatments==

Atypical antipsychotics Atypical antipsychotics include: • Aripiprazole (Abilify) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression • Brexpiprazole (Rexulti) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression • Lumateperone (Caplyta) – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression • Lurasidone (Latuda) – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression • Olanzapine (Zyprexa) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression • Quetiapine (Seroquel) – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant or mood stabilizer for major depression and bipolar depression Off-label only • Risperidone (Risperdal) Typical antipsychotics Typical antipsychotics include: None currently approved Off-label only • Trifluoperazine (Stelazine) Dopamine reuptake inhibitor Dopamine reuptake inhibitors include: None currently approved Off-label only • Modafinil (Provigil) • Armodafinil (Nuvigil) Others Off-label only • Buspirone (Buspar) – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist • Lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid) – mood stabilizer (mechanism of action unknown/unclear) • Thyroxine (T4) – thyroid hormone (thyroid hormone receptor agonist) • Triiodothyronine (T3) – thyroid hormone (thyroid hormone receptor agonist) ==Combination products==

• Amitriptyline/chlordiazepoxide (Limbitrol) – TCA and benzodiazepine combination • Amitriptyline/perphenazine (Etafron) – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination • Dextromethorphan/bupropion (Auvelity) – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, σ1 receptor agonist, SNRI, NDRI, other actions • Flupentixol/melitracen (Deanxit) – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination • Olanzapine/fluoxetine (Symbyax) – SSRI and atypical antipsychotic combination – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression and treatment-resistant depression • Tranylcypromine/trifluoperazine (Parstelin, Parmodalin, Jatrosom N, Stelapar) – MAOI and typical antipsychotic combination ==See also==