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Appell–Humbert theorem

In mathematics, the Appell–Humbert theorem describes the line bundles on a complex torus or complex abelian variety. It was proved for 2-dimensional tori by Appell and Humbert, and in general by Lefschetz

Statement
Suppose that T is a complex torus given by V/\Lambda where \Lambda is a lattice in a complex vector space V. If H is a Hermitian form on V whose imaginary part E = \text{Im}(H) is integral on \Lambda\times\Lambda, and \alpha is a map from \Lambda to the unit circle U(1) = \{z \in \mathbb{C} : |z| = 1 \}, called a semi-character, such that :\alpha(u+v) = e^{i\pi E(u,v)}\alpha(u)\alpha(v)\ then : \alpha(u)e^{\pi H(z,u)+H(u,u)\pi/2}\ is a 1-cocycle of \Lambda defining a line bundle on T. For the trivial Hermitian form, this just reduces to a character. Note that the space of character morphisms is isomorphic with a real torus\text{Hom}_{\textbf{Ab}}(\Lambda,U(1)) \cong \mathbb{R}^{2n}/\mathbb{Z}^{2n}if \Lambda \cong \mathbb{Z}^{2n} since any such character factors through \mathbb{R} composed with the exponential map. That is, a character is a map of the form\text{exp}(2\pi i \langle l^*, -\rangle )for some covector l^* \in V^*. The periodicity of \text{exp}(2\pi i f(x)) for a linear f(x) gives the isomorphism of the character group with the real torus given above. In fact, this torus can be equipped with a complex structure, giving the dual complex torus. Explicitly, a line bundle on T = V/\Lambda may be constructed by descent from a line bundle on V (which is necessarily trivial) and a descent data, namely a compatible collection of isomorphisms u^*\mathcal{O}_V \to \mathcal{O}_V, one for each u \in \Lambda. Such isomorphisms may be presented as nonvanishing holomorphic functions on V, and for each u the expression above is a corresponding holomorphic function. The Appell–Humbert theorem says that every line bundle on T can be constructed like this for a unique choice of H and \alpha satisfying the conditions above. ==Ample line bundles==
Ample line bundles
Lefschetz proved that the line bundle L, associated to the Hermitian form H is ample if and only if H is positive definite, and in this case L^{\otimes 3} is very ample. A consequence is that the complex torus is algebraic if and only if there is a positive definite Hermitian form whose imaginary part is integral on \Lambda\times\Lambda == See also ==
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