Pre-release After
Tencent fully acquired
Riot Games in 2015, Tencent asked them to make a mobile version of
League of Legends, as
multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games were very rare on mobile at the time, with
Vainglory by Super Evil Megacorp (which was formed by ex-Riot Games employees) being the only notable title. Tencent wanted to seize the opportunity to dominate the mobile market because there were not any strong competitors aside from
Vainglory. However, Riot Games declined due to mobile not commonly being seen as the platform for competitive games, and claimed that the gameplay of
League of Legends could not be replicated on smartphones. Be that as it may, Tencent was still determined to launch a MOBA game on mobile. After receiving the refusal from Riot Games, Lightspeed & Quantum Studios (which would later develop
PUBG Mobile under license from
Krafton) and
TiMi Studios (both of which are Tencent's internal video game development studios) raced to develop a MOBA game that fit the bill, resulting an internal competition. Lightspeed & Quantum's
We MOBA and TiMi's
League of Kings (rough translation from 王者联盟
Wángzhě Liánméng) were launched on the same day, on August 18, 2015. A month later,
We MOBA was already the third most downloaded mobile game on Apple's iOS worldwide, according to app analytics firm App Annie, while
League of Kings was nowhere near
We MOBA.
League of Kings was then taken down for an overhaul, and was relaunched in October 2015. TiMi Studios used
League of Legends as a base model to overhaul
League of Kings, resulting in both games having a lot of similarities. TiMi Studios also implemented a 5v5 game mode into
League of Kings due to the game previously having poor reception with the 3v3 concept. This time,
League of Kings successfully overtook
We MOBA and won the internal competition. Tencent relished and invested additional resources into
League of Kings to ensure its success. Nevertheless, Riot Games deemed that the design of characters and abilities in
League of Kings were "blatantly ripping off the intellectual property of
League of Legends" after they discovered how the game was produced, and reportedly brought these concerns to Tencent. Tencent responded that they would change its own game enough to sell as a standalone product with no relation to
League of Legends. Despite this,
League of Kings had already gained massive popularity in China at this point due to the game being advertised as "mobile version of
League of Legends" through social media and
word-of-mouth marketing. Tencent felt that it was too late to make huge changes to the game, so they renamed
League of Kings () to
Honor of Kings () on November 26, 2015, and it only went through necessary changes. The international release of
Honor of Kings was canceled, and the game would have a western twin for markets outside
mainland China which is rebranded and featured different contents, leading to the creation of
Arena of Valor, which also served as a response to Riot Games's complaints of "potential intellectual property infringement".
Development Arena of Valor was developed by TiMi Studio Group with the same engine and user interface design as
Honor of Kings and published by
Level Infinite. A subsidiary at Tencent Interactive Entertainment Group, headed under the Tencent Games division.
Arena of Valor originally was named
Strike of Kings, and was intended to be the identical name to
Honor of Kings, but the publishing team thought the name might not be suitable to appeal to the Western audience. Moreover, the difference in content featured in the game made the publishing team decide that a better name is required. in Vietnam,
Penta Storm in South Korea, and
Legendary Showdown in
Taiwan and
Japan.
Garena joined the marketing team as they helped to westernize the atmosphere of the game. The in-game characters have been swapped from characters inspired by
Chinese folklore and
Chinese mythology, to characters inspired by
European folklore and several
mythologies from other nations, blending a variety of elements including
Lovecraftian horror,
steampunk,
high fantasy, and
sword and sorcery to appeal audiences outside
China. The appearance of in-game characters mostly recycled and revamped designs of characters from
Heroes of Newerth, a MOBA game that Garena had acquired from
S2 Games.
Arena of Valor also included several characters such as Butterfly, Violet, and Mina from
Age of Gunslingers, a
third-person shooter game that previously was also developed by a division of TiMi Studio Group. Additionally,
Arena of Valor has multiple collaborations with other franchises, having
crossovers with
DC Universe,
Wiro Sableng,
Contra,
KFC,
Sword Art Online, Ultraman,
Bleach,
One-Punch Man,
Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba, Sailor Moon and
Hunter × Hunter. TiMi intended to feature characters from the
Marvel Universe during the prototype stage of
Strike of Kings (before the rebranding to
Arena of Valor and collaboration with
DC Comics), with the
closed beta test of the game under the name of
Marvel Super Heroes. The initial game featured some characters from TiMi's intellectual property crossover with Marvel's characters. However,
Marvel Entertainment later took back their license, forcing TiMi to stop the development and Tencent Games to shut down the game as they lost the rights to release the game. Subsequently, TiMi Studio Group had to redesign the game, creating the current appearance of
Arena of Valor. TiMi then approached DC Comics to include their characters as a replacement to Marvel's characters, while Marvel went a separate way, and collaborated with other video game developer companies to develop their own MOBA, such as
Marvel End Time Arena by
Smilegate, and
Marvel Super War by
NetEase. The soundtrack for
Arena of Valor was composed by
TiMi Audio Lab in cooperation with different music composers each year, such as Jeff Broadbent in late 2016,
Hans Zimmer and
Lorne Balfe in 2017, Matthew Carl Earl and Obadiah Brown-Beach in 2018,
Russell Brower, Paul Lipson, and
Tom Salta in 2019, Yang Lee and Michal Cielecki in 2020, all creating a different atmosphere compared to the original score with Chinese music instruments in
Honor of Kings.
Arena of Valor also features The Veda language, a
constructed fictional language along with its
polypersonal descendants, such as Afata, Gandal (the "impure language" of humans), and G'vunna (, the "language from the abyss" of the Lokheim) for different characters from different factions. These languages were created by
David J. Peterson (also well known for creating the
Dothraki and
Valyrian languages in
Game of Thrones) to make the game more interesting.
Arena of Valor has a wide variety of publishers for different regions.
Arena of Valor was first launched in Taiwan on October 12, 2016, by Garena, following a two-week closed beta testing period. On November 21, 2016, Garena launched
Arena of Valor in Vietnam and become one of the most successful mobile games in this country. On December 26, 2016, Garena launched
Arena of Valor in Thailand. On October 17, 2017, Garena launched
Arena of Valor in Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines, where a majority of the gaming community plays mobile games. Garena decided to combine these three countries in one server. In
South Korea, the game was published by
Netmarble on April 26, 2017. The game was released in European markets by Level Infinite on August 10, 2017, and was released in North America and Latin America on December 19, 2017. On June 28, 2018, Level Infinite implemented "Asia server" unannounced. This server included Australia, New Zealand, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, and Brunei. In Japan,
DeNA cooperated with TiMi to launch
Arena of Valor on November 30, 2018.
Nintendo announced a deal with Tencent Games to bring
Arena of Valor to the
Nintendo Switch for international markets, as well as forming a partnership to ship Nintendo Switch consoles into China. The game was announced to be released for the Nintendo Switch during the September 2017
Nintendo Direct presentation. A closed beta became available for the platform on June 28, 2018, and participants received an in-game skin for one of the characters. The game was officially launched on the platform on September 28, 2018. Speaking to
Engadget, Tencent Games revealed the Nintendo Switch port of the game is enhanced and optimized for the platform, taking advantage of the console's processing power and hardware features to implement various changes to the game, such as improved graphics and animations, better lighting, smoother lines, and additional minute details like butterflies. Additionally, several adjustments were made to the game to be playable on a bigger screen with traditional controls, and stats for characters have been reconfigured. Because of these changes, cross-play between the
Nintendo Switch and mobile versions of the game is not possible.
Post-release TiMi Studios once again faced internal competition. Morefun Studios (which is also another of Tencent's video game development studio) developed and released a mobile MOBA named
War Song on January 22, 2018, in an attempt to compete with
Arena of Valor. However,
War Song did not last long in the end. Instead, the assets of the defunct MOBA were recycled for
Chess Rush, an
auto battler game, which was released on July 4, 2019.
Arena of Valor was reported to have caused a gradually straining business relationship between Riot Games and Tencent, and the relationship between the two firms became further strained when Tencent used notable
League of Legends players to promote
Arena of Valor and its esports tournaments. Riot Games's complaints initiated a two-month marketing freeze for
Arena of Valor and demanded that Riot Games be given the option to review all marketing plans, including a veto for the use of select celebrity gamers. Nonetheless, Riot Games implied that their relationship with Tencent is still strong, and the conflict between them and their games is only "a bump in the road". The case was initially dismissed in the
Central District Court of California in the United States on account of
forum non conveniens. Tencent, as Riot's parent company, then filed a new, separate lawsuit on behalf of Riot Games, directly targeting Moonton's CEO, Watson Xu Zhenhua (as he had previously worked in Tencent as one of Tencent's senior employee) in
Shanghai No.1 Intermediate People's Court, for violating a law regarding
Non-Compete Agreements, which ruled in Tencent's favor in July 2018, awarding Tencent a settlement of (
RMB19.4 million). Riot Games eventually acknowledged the potential of the mobile market for the MOBA genre, and agreed to develop a mobile title for
League of Legends. Tencent then temporarily pulled marketing plans for
Arena of Valor in Europe and North America in 2019, clearing room for Riot Games's announcement a few months later. Riot Games announced their own mobile MOBA game,
League of Legends: Wild Rift on October 16, 2019, which is the 10th anniversary of
League of Legends. In addition, the succession of MOBA genre on mobile inspired the creation of
Pokémon UNITE, a
Pokémon spin-off game, developed by TiMi Studio as well in a further partnership with Nintendo and
The Pokémon Company. The game was announced in a
Pokémon Presents on June 24, 2020. TiMi partnered with
Shengqi Games to re-distribute the Arena of Valor franchise in the Indian market, where Arena of Valor has been
suspended from operating earlier in Q4 of 2020 due to unsubstantiated
privacy concerns claims through the
Indian government. The franchise is branded Clash of Titans, with adjusted terms such as Titans, unlike the original franchises Hero
terminology. The mobile app of
Arena of Valor was banned in India (along with other Chinese apps) on September 2, 2020, by the government, the move came amid the
2020 China–India skirmish. TiMi Studio Group decided to no longer extend the license rights of the
Arena of Valor franchise to
Netmarble &
Kakao. Netmarble announced that they will terminate the service on July 29, 2022; after five years of game as a service (
GaaS). The termination causes Korea to have no representation in eSports in 2022. The license was not extended due to a failure of player
retention in
South Korea. ==Esports==