Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines

A brief narration outlines man's first attempts to fly since the Stone Age, seen with footage from the silent film era, and man being represented by a "test pilot" encountering periodic misfortune in his attempts. In 1910, British newspaper magnate Lord Rawnsley forbids his would-be aviatrix daughter, ardent suffragette Patricia, to fly. Richard Mays, a young officer in the Coldstream Guards and Patricia's fiancé, conceives the idea of an air race from London to Paris to advance the cause of British aviation and his career. With Patricia's support, he persuades Lord Rawnsley to sponsor the race as a publicity stunt for his newspaper. Rawnsley announces the event to the press, and invitations are sent to leading aviators all over the world. Dozens of participants arrive at the airfield at the Brookley Motor Racing Track, where the fliers make practice runs in the days before the race. A wildly disparate international assembly of aviators begins rubbing shoulders with each other: Prussian officer Colonel Manfred von Holstein, who becomes the victim of Frenchman Pierre Dubois' various pranks; the impetuous Italian Count Emilio Ponticelli; the unscrupulous British baronet Sir Percy Ware-Armitage, aided by his bullied servant, Courtney; Japanese naval officer Yamamoto; and the rugged American cowboy Orvil Newton. As the teams test their aircraft in the days before the race, Newton and Patricia meet and become romantically interested in each other. Mays becomes jealous, sparking a fierce rivalry between Newton and Mays for Patricia's hand. At a celebration in Dover, Patricia convinces Newton to take her flying, and they race back to the airfield, followed by Mays and her father, who are intent on stopping them. Not long after taking off, one of the struts on the plane breaks, and Patricia has to fly while Newton repairs it with his belt. When Newton lands, Rawnsley throws him out of the race. Patricia apologises to Newton, and Rawnsley gives in after she threatens to start an international incident. Meanwhile, insulted by the French team's mockery, Holstein challenges Dubois to a duel. Dubois agrees and opts for gas balloons and blunderbusses. Both balloons and their pilots end up in the filthy waters of the adjacent sewage farm. At the party the night before the race, Sir Percy sabotages Yamamoto's and Newton's planes, and Rumpelstrosse, the German pilot, is incapacitated by a laxative meant for Yamamoto. After the competitors take off the next day, with Holstein standing in for Rumpelstrosse, Sir Percy's sabotage and technical mishaps hamper the fliers until most of them safely arrive at Dover, their checkpoint before the final flight across the English Channel. Sir Percy cheats by having his aircraft taken across by boat at night, but is delayed by excited locals when he arrives. The other contestants fly across the Channel in the morning, but most of them, including Holstein, fall into the sea. Sir Percy gets his comeuppance when he becomes disoriented by the smoke from a locomotive between Calais and Paris, causing him to jam his landing gear between two of the train cars. As he runs along the top trying to get the driver's attention, the train passes through a tunnel, wrecking his aircraft. Coming into Paris, Ponticelli's plane catches fire, and Newton detours to rescue him as Mays is landing, winning for Britain. Mays recognises Newton's heroism and shares the glory and the prize with him. The only other successful aviator is Dubois, completing his race for France. Patricia finally chooses Newton, but their kiss is interrupted by a strange noise; everyone looks up to see a flyover by six English Electric Lightning jet fighters, as the period leaps forward to the "present" (1965). Outlined are the still-persisting hazards of modern flying despite today's advanced technology, as a night-time civilian flight across the English Channel is cancelled owing to heavy fog. One of the delayed passengers gets the idea of learning to fly under his power, perpetuating man's pioneering spirit. ==Cast==

• Stuart Whitman as Orvil Newton • Sarah Miles as Patricia Rawnsley • James Fox as Richard Mays • Alberto Sordi as Count Emilio Ponticelli • Robert Morley as Lord Rawnsley • Gert Fröbe as Colonel Manfred von Holstein • Jean-Pierre Cassel as Pierre Dubois • Irina Demick as Brigitte, Ingrid, Marlene, Françoise, Yvette, Betty • Red Skelton as Neanderthal Man, Roman Birdman, Middle Ages Inventor, Victorian-era Pilot, Rocket Pack Inventor, Modern Airline Passenger • Terry-Thomas as Sir Percy Ware-Armitage • Eric Sykes as Courtney • Benny Hill as Fire Chief Perkins • Yūjirō Ishihara as Yamamoto (voice dubbed by James Villiers) • Flora Robson as Mother Superior • Karl Michael Vogler as Captain Rumpelstrosse • Sam Wanamaker as George Gruber • Tony Hancock as Harry Popperwell • Eric Barker as French Postman • Maurice Denham as Trawler Skipper • Fred Emney as Colonel • Cicely Courtneidge as Muriel the Colonel's wife • Gordon Jackson as MacDougal • Davy Kaye as Jean • John Le Mesurier as French Painter • Jeremy Lloyd as Lieutenant Parsons • Zena Marshall as Countess Sophia Ponticelli • Millicent Martin as Air Hostess • Eric Pohlmann as Italian Mayor • Marjorie Rhodes as Waitress • Norman Rossington as Assistant Fire Chief • Willie Rushton as Tremayne Gascoyne • Graham Stark as Fireman • Jimmy Thompson as Photographer • Michael Trubshawe as Niven • Ronnie Stevens as Reporter • Ferdy Mayne as French Official • Vernon Dobtcheff as French Team Member • James Robertson Justice as Narrator ==Production==

Origins Director Ken Annakin had been interested in aviation from his early years, when pioneering aviator Sir Alan Cobham took him up in a flight in a biplane. Later in the Second World War, Annakin had served in the RAF when he had begun his career in film documentaries. In 1963, with co-writer Jack Davies, Annakin had been working on an adventure film about transatlantic flights when the producer's bankruptcy aborted the production. Fresh from his role as director of the British exterior segments in The Longest Day (1962), Annakin suggested an event from early aviation to Darryl F. Zanuck, his producer on The Longest Day. Zanuck financed an epic faithful to the era, with a £100,000 stake, deciding on the name, Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines after Elmo Williams, managing director of 20th Century Fox in Europe, told him his wife Lorraine Williams had written an opening for a song that Annakin complained would "seal the fate of the movie":Those magnificent men in their flying machines,They go up, Tiddley up, up,They go down, Tiddley down, down. After being put to music by Ron Goodwin, the "Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines" song was released as a single in 1965 on the Stateside label (SS 422), together with an accompanying soundtrack album (SL 10136). An international cast plays the array of contestants, with the film opening with a brief, comic prologue on the history of flight, narrated by James Robertson Justice and featuring American comedian Red Skelton. In a series of silent blackout vignettes that incorporate stock footage of unsuccessful attempts at early aircraft, Skelton depicted a recurring character whose adventures span the centuries. The early aviation history sequence that begins the film is followed by a whimsical animated opening credit sequence drawn by caricaturist Ronald Searle, accompanied by the title song. Those Magnificent Men in their Flying Machines ... concludes with an epilogue in a fogbound 1960s London airport when cancellation of flights to Paris is announced. The narrator remarks that today a jet makes the trip in seven minutes, but "it can take longer". One frustrated passenger (Skelton, again) starts wing-flapping motions with his arms, and the scene morphs into the animation from the title sequence for the closing credits. This was Skelton's final feature-film appearance; he was in Europe filming the 1964–65 season of his television series, The Red Skelton Show. While Terry-Thomas had a substantial leading role as "bounder" Sir Percy Ware-Armitage, Hill, Sykes, and Hancock played lesser cameos. Although Hancock had broken his leg off-set, two days into filming, Annakin wrote his infirmity into the story, and his leg bound in a cast figured in a number of scenes. Although a comedy, elements of Annakin's documentary background were evident with authentic sets, props, and costumes. More than 2,000 extras out in authentic costumes were in the climactic race launch, which was combined with entrants in the London to Brighton Veteran Car Run being invited on set as part of their 1964 annual run, an unexpected coup in gaining numerous period vehicles to dress the set. Director Ken Annakin commented that it began with an ill-timed pass by Whitman. (Whitman was married to Patricia LaLonde at the time, although he would divorce in 1966.) Miles "hated his guts" and rarely deigned to speak to him afterward unless the interaction was required by the script. The film played in cinemas as the space race between the United States and the Soviet Union hit a new gear. For its first audiences, the film's depiction of an international flight competition taking place in an earlier, lower-tech era offered a fun-house mirror reflection of contemporary adventures by Space Age pioneers. Casting Stuart Whitman, the American lead, was selected over the first choice, Dick Van Dyke, whose agents never contacted him about the offer. Irina Demick was rumoured to be romantically involved with Darryl F. Zanuck, who had campaigned for her casting. All of Brookley's associated trappings of structures, aircraft, and vehicles (including a rare 1907 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost, subsequently estimated to be worth US$50 million) When the production was unable to obtain rights to film main sequences over Paris, models of the aircraft and a miniature Parisian set played a prominent role in sequences depicting Paris. A mock-up of Calais was also constructed. In the scene where the aircraft start near Dover to pursue the race, modern ferries were visible in one harbour. The location where Sir Percy's aircraft lands on a train is the now-closed line from Bedford to Hitchin. The tunnel into which they fly is the Old Warden Tunnel near the village of the same name in Bedfordshire; the tunnel had only recently been closed, and in the panning shot through the railway cutting, the cooling towers of the now-demolished Goldington Power Station can be seen. The locomotive is former Highland Railway Jones Goods Class No 103. About 1910, French Railways built duplicates of a Highland Railway Class "The Castles" which were a passenger version of the Jones Goods. The Royal Air Force base at the village of Henlow, RAF Henlow, was another Bedfordshire location used for filming. The opening shot of the film is of the Long Walk leading to Windsor Castle filmed in Windsor, Berkshire, England. Don Sharp shot second unit with flying and stunts. Principal photography The film was photographed in 65 mm Todd-AO (which produces a 70 mm print once the sound tracks are added) by Christopher Challis. The head technical consultant during planning was Air Commodore Allen H. Wheeler from the Royal Air Force. Wheeler had previously restored a 1910-era Blériot with his son, and provided invaluable assistance in the restoration and recreation of period aircraft for the film. The camera platforms included a modified Citroën sedan, camera trucks, helicopters, and a flying rig constructed by Dick Parker. Parker had built it for model sequences in Strategic Air Command (1955). The rig consisted of two construction cranes and a hydraulically operated device to tilt and position a model, along with 200 ft (61 m) of cables. Parker's rig allowed actors to sit inside full-scale models suspended 50 ft (15 m) above the ground, yet provide safety and realism for staged flying sequences, with the sky realistically in the background. A further hydraulic platform did away with matte shots of aircraft in flight. The platform was large enough to mount an aircraft and Parker or stunt pilots could manipulate its controls for realistic bluescreen sequences. Composite photography was used when scenes called for difficult shots; these were completed at Pinewood Studios. Some shots were created with rudimentary cockpits and noses grafted to an Alouette helicopter. One scene over Paris was staged with small models when Paris refused an overflight. However, for the majority of flying scenes, full-scale flying aircraft were employed. Title At 85 characters, Those Magnificent Men ... was the longest-titled film to be nominated for an Academy Award until the 2021 nominations of Borat Subsequent Moviefilm: Delivery of Prodigious Bribe to American Regime for Make Benefit Once Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan. Most cinemas abbreviated the full title, and it was eventually re-released with the shorter title. ==Aircraft==

The film includes reproductions of 1910-era aircraft, including a triplane, monoplanes, biplanes, and Horatio Phillips's 20-winged multiplane from 1904. Wheeler insisted on authentic materials, but allowed the use of modern engines and modifications necessary to ensure safety. Of 20 types built in 1964 at £5,000 each, six could fly, flown by six stunt pilots and maintained by 14 mechanics. These competitors were listed (as seen in the list onscreen 1 hour and 31 minutes in): • Richard Mays: Antoinette IV (Aircraft number 8: flying replica) • Sir Percy Ware-Armitage: Avro Triplane IV (Aircraft number 12: flying replica) • Orvil Newton: Bristol Boxkite, nicknamed "The Phoenix Flyer" and inaccurately referred to as a Curtiss (Aircraft number 7: flying replica) • Lieutenant Parsons: Picat Dubreuil nicknamed "HMS Victory" (Aircraft number 4) • Harry Popperwell: Dixon Nipper "Little Fiddler" (Aircraft number 5) • Colonel Manfred von Holstein and Captain Rumpelstrosse: Eardley Billing Tractor Biplane (Aircraft number 11: flying replica) • Mr Wallace: Edwards Rhomboidal (Aircraft number 14) • Charles Wade: (Aircraft number unknown) • Mr Yamamoto: Japanese Eardley Billing Tractor Biplane (Aircraft number 1: duplicate flying replica) • Count Emilio Ponticelli: Philips Multiplane, Passat Ornithopter, Lee-Richards Annular Biplane and Vickers 22 Monoplane (Aircraft number 2: flying replica) • Henri Monteux: (Aircraft number unknown) • Pierre Dubois: Santos-Dumont Demoiselle (Aircraft number 9: flying replica) • Mr Mac Dougall: Blackburn Monoplane nicknamed "Wake up Scotland" (Aircraft number 6: original vintage aircraft) • Harry Walton (Aircraft number unknown). , now hanging in the Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery While each aircraft was an accurate reproduction, some "impersonated" other types. For instance, The Phoenix Flyer was a Bristol Boxkite built by F.G. Miles Engineering Co. at Ford, Sussex, representing a Curtiss biplane of 1910 vintage. Annakin had apparently expressed a desire to have a Wright Flyer in the film. The Bristol (a British derivative of the French 1909 Farman biplane) was chosen instead, because it shared a common general layout with a Wright or Curtiss pusher biplane of the era, and had an excellent reputation for tractability. For the impersonation, the replica had "The Phoenix Flyer" painted on its outer rudder surfaces and was also called a "Gruber-Newton Flyer" adding the name of its primary backer to the nomenclature; although the American pilot character, Orvil Newton (Whitman) inaccurately describes his aircraft to Patricia Rawnsley (Miles) as a "Curtiss with an Anzani engine." The Boxkite was tractable, however, and the scene in the film when the aircraft loses a pair of main wheels just after takeoff but lands smoothly, was repeated 20 times for the cameras. In the penultimate flying scene, a stuntman was carried in the Boxkite's undercarriage and carried out a fall and roll (the stunt had to be repeated to match the principal actor's roll and revival). Slapstick stunts on the ground and in the air were a major element and often the directors requested repeated stunts; the stuntmen were more than accommodating; it meant more pay. flying his Demoiselle in Paris, 1907 In addition to the flying aircraft, several unsuccessful aircraft of the period were represented by non-flying replicas, including contraptions such as an ornithopter (the Passat Ornithopter) flown by the Italian contender Count Emilio Ponticelli (Alberto Sordi), the Edwards Rhomboidal, Picat Dubreuil, Philips Multiplane and the Little Fiddler (a canard, or tail-first design). Several of the "non-flying" types flew with the help of "movie magic". The Lee Richards Annular Biplane with circular wings (built by Denton Partners on Woodley Aerodrome, near Reading) was "flown on wires" during the filming. The flying replicas were specifically chosen to be different enough that an ordinary audience member could distinguish them. They were all types reputed to have flown well, in or about 1910. In most cases this worked well, but there were a few surprises, adding to an accurate historical reassessment of the aircraft concerned. For example, in its early form, the replica of the Santos-Dumont Demoiselle, a forerunner of today's ultralight aircraft, was unable to leave the ground except in short hops. Extending the wingspan and fitting a more powerful Ardem 50 hp engine produced only marginal improvement. When Doug Bianchi and the Personal Planes production staff who constructed the replica consulted with Allen Wheeler, he recalled that the Demoiselle's designer and first pilot, Alberto Santos-Dumont was a very short, slightly built man. A suitably small pilot, Joan Hughes, a wartime member of the Air Transport Auxiliary who was the Airways Flying Club chief instructor, was hired. With the reduced payload, the diminutive Demoiselle flew very well, and Hughes proved a consummate stunt flyer, able to undertake exacting manoeuvres. Sometime after the film wrapped, the Vickers was sold to a buyer in New Zealand. It is believed to have flown once, at Wellington Airport in the hands of Keith Trillo, a test pilot involved in a number of aircraft certification programmes, and is now at the Southward Car Museum, Otaihanga, New Zealand. Peter Hillwood of Hampshire Aero Club constructed an Avro Triplane Mk IV, using drawings provided by Geoffrey Verdon Roe, son of A.V. Roe, the designer. The construction of the triplane followed A.V. Roe's specifications and was the only replica that utilised wing-warping successfully. With a more powerful 90 hp Cirrus II replacing the 35 hp Green engine that was in the original design, the Avro Triplane proved to be a lively performer, even with a stuntman dangling from the fuselage. The realism and the attention to detail in the replicas of vintage machines are a major contributor to the enjoyment of the film, and although a few of the "flying" stunts were achieved through the use of models and cleverly disguised wires, most aerial scenes featured actual flying aircraft. The few genuine vintage aircraft used included a Deperdussin used as set dressing, and the flyable 1912 Blackburn Monoplane "D" (the oldest genuine British aircraft still flying), belonged to the Shuttleworth Trust based at Old Warden, Bedfordshire. When the filming was completed, the "1910 Bristol Boxkite" and the "1911 Roe IV Triplane" were retained in the Shuttleworth Collection, Both replicas are still in flyable condition, albeit flying with different engines. For his role in promoting the film, the non-flying "Passat Ornithopter" was given to aircraft restorer and preservationist, Cole Palen who displayed it at his Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome, New York, where it is still on display. Despite the reliance on flying stunts and their inherent danger, the one near-tragedy occurred on the ground when a stunt went wrong. Stuntman Ken Buckle inadvertently turned the throttle to full on a runaway motorbike and sidecar, launching himself through the retaining wall on the sloped Brookley racing track and crashing into the adjoining cesspool, off-camera. Thinking quickly, the special effects man on the other side of the wall saw the motorbike hurtling towards him and set off the accompanying explosion, creating a realistic waterspout. Lucky to escape with only facial bruises and a dislocated collarbone, as he struggled to his feet, Buckle apologised for having messed up, but the shot "was in the can". During the promotional junkets accompanying the film in 1965, a number of the vintage aircraft and film replicas used in the production were flown in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The pilots who had been part of the aerial team readily agreed to accompany the promotional tour to have a chance to fly these aircraft again. ==Reception==

Critical Those Magnificent Men In their Flying Machines ... had its Royal World Premiere on 3 June 1965 at the Astoria Theatre in the West End of London in the presence of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Contemporary reviews judged Those Magnificent Men In their Flying Machines ... as "good fun." In The New York Times, Bosley Crowther thought it "a funny picture, highly colorful, and it does move". Variety felt similarly: "As fanciful and nostalgic a piece of clever picture-making as has hit the screen in recent years, this backward look into the pioneer days of aviation, when most planes were built with spit and bailing wire, is a warming entertainment experience." When the film turned up on television for the first time in 1969, TV Guide summed up most critical reviews: "Good, clean fun, with fast and furious action, good cinematography, crisp dialogue, wonderful planes, and a host of some of the funniest people in movies in the cast." In 2025, The Hollywood Reporter listed Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines as having the best stunts of 1965. Box office At over two hours, Those Magnificent Men In their Flying Machines ... was treated as a major production, one of three full-length 70 mm Todd-AO Fox releases in 1965 with an intermission and musical interlude part of the original screenings. In the United States, the film earned $14,000,000 in rentals, becoming the fourth highest-grossing film of 1965. By September 1970, it had earned Fox an estimated profit of $10,683,000. Awards and nominations ==Sequel==

The success of the film prompted Annakin to write (again with Jack Davies) and direct another race film, Monte Carlo or Bust! (1969), this time involving vintage cars, with the story set around the Monte Carlo Rally. Ron Goodwin composed the music for both films. ==See also==