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Monza Circuit

The Monza Circuit, officially called the Autodromo Nazionale Monza, is a 5.793 km (3.600 mi) race track near the city of Monza, north of Milan, in Italy. Built in 1922, it was the world's third purpose-built motor racing circuit after Brooklands and Indianapolis, and the oldest in mainland Europe. The circuit's biggest event is the Italian Grand Prix. With the exception of the 1980 running when the track was closed while undergoing refurbishment, the race has been hosted there since 1949. The circuit is also known as "the Temple of Speed" due to its long straights and high-speed corners.

History
Early history " race held in 1925|left The first track was built from May to July 1922 by 3,500 workers, financed by the Milan Automobile Club In 1928, the most serious Italian racing accident to date For these reasons the Italian Grand Prix was not held again until 1931; in the meantime the 1930 Monza Grand Prix was held on the high speed ring only, while in 1930 Vincenzo Florio introduced the Florio Circuit. The 1933 Italian Grand Prix was held on the original complete layout but it was marred by the deaths of three drivers (Giuseppe Campari, Baconin Borzacchini and Stanisław Czaykowski) in the supporting Monza Grand Prix held on the same day—which became known as the "Black Day of Monza"—over the shorter oval circuit and the Grand Prix layout was changed: in 1934 a short circuit with two lanes of the straight line joined by a hairpin, Curva Sud of the banking (with a double chicane) driven in the opposite direction than usual, the "Florio link" and the Curva Sud (with a small chicane). This configuration was considered too slow and in 1935 Florio Circuit was used again, this time with four temporary chicanes and another one permanent (along the Curva Sud of the banking). In 1938 only the last one was used. There was major rebuilding in 1938–39, constructing new stands and entrances, resurfacing the track, removing the high speed ring and adding two new bends on the southern part of the circuit. The outbreak of World War II meant racing at the track was suspended until 1948 The two circuits could be combined to re-create the former with three 63 lap heat races each year, races which colloquially became known as the Monzanapolis series. Concerns were raised among the European drivers that flat-out racing on the banking would be too dangerous, The American teams had brought special Firestone tyres with them, reinforced to withstand high-speed running on the bumpy Monza surface, but the Maseratis' steering was badly affected by the larger-than-usual tyre size, leading to the Modena-based team withdrawal. and the last by Troy Ruttman in the Watson-Offenhauser John Zink Special. In 1958 Jaguar, Ferrari and Maserati teams appeared alongside the Indy roadsters, but once again the American cars dominated the event and Jim Rathmann won the three races in a Watson-Offenhauser car. Although the accident did not occur on the oval section of the track, the high speeds were deemed unsafe and F1 use of the oval was ended. Another attempt was made to use the combined circuit for the 1963 race, but the extremely bumpy nature and poor overall quality of the concrete banking saw some cars suffer mechanically. The teams protested and threatened to leave unless only the road circuit was used, which is ultimately what happened. Future Grands Prix were held on the shorter road circuit, Circuit changes and modernisation and Jarno Saarinen died Both car and Grand Prix motorcycle racing were regular attractions at Monza. and the Variante Ascari. The infrastructure was also improved, with pits able to accommodate 46 cars, and an upgraded paddock and scrutineering facilities. and camp site were either rebuilt or improved. However, plans for the track's change were suspended due to the track being in the historic Monza Park. Ahead of the 2024 Italian Grand Prix, the Monza Circuit underwent significant changes. This forced WEC to abandon the 6 Hours of Monza, moving it to the Imola Circuit. In addition to facility improvements, changes included a resurfacing of the entire track. ==A lap of the circuit in a Formula One car==
A lap of the circuit in a Formula One car
Monza has been known for its high-speed, simplistic nature (compared to "harder" circuits such as Singapore or Monaco, which are tight, unforgiving street circuits with lots of corners) thanks to its largely unaltered 1920s design. It is currently the fastest track on the Formula One calendar and has been so since 1991. Monza consists of very long straights and tight chicanes, putting a premium on good braking stability and traction. The the grip is very low; understeer is a more serious issue than at other circuits; however, the opposite effect, oversteer, is also present in the second sector, requiring the use of a very distinctive opposite lock technique. Since both maximum power and minimal drag are keys for speed on the straights, only competitors with enough power or aerodynamic efficiency at their disposal are able to challenge for the top places. Good traction out of the first corner is imperative for a quick lap. Conservation of speed through the first chicane is made possible by driving the straightest line, as a small mistake here can result in a lot of time being lost through the Curva Grande down to the Variante della Roggia chicane in eighth gear, at . They experience a maximum g-force of 4.50 during deceleration, and the track has many dramatic high to low speed transitions. == Lap records ==
Lap records
Max Verstappen recorded the fastest pole position lap at Monza during the 2025 Italian Grand Prix, when he lapped in 1:18.792 at an average speed of – the fastest average lap speed recorded in qualifying for a World Championship event. The official race lap record for the current circuit layout is 1:20.901, set by Lando Norris during the same Grand Prix at an average speed of – the fastest average lap speed recorded in a race for a World Championship event. As of October 2025, the fastest official race lap records of Autodromo Nazionale di Monza are listed as: ==Deaths from crashes==
Deaths from crashes
crashed in 1955. He died a few minutes later. • 1922 Fritz Kuhn (Austro-Daimler), killed during practice for the 1922 Italian Grand Prix ==Previous track configurations==
Previous track configurations
File:Circuit Monza 1922.svg|Original circuit (1922–1933) File:Monza 1935.svg|Florio circuit (1935–1938) File:Monza 1950.png|2nd variation (1948–1954) File:Monza 1955.jpg|3rd variation (Combined circuit) (1955–1965) File:Circuit Monza 1955 Oval.svg|3rd variation (Oval circuit) (1955–1969) File:Monza 1957.jpg|4th variation (Road circuit) (1957–1959, 1962–1971) File:Monza_1966_Full_1000km_circuit_1966_1969.png|1000 km circuit (combined circuit with chicanes) (1966–1969) File:Monza 1972.jpg|5th variation (1972–1973) File:Monza 1974.jpg|6th variation (1974–1976) File:Monza 1976.jpg|7th variation (1976–1993) File:Monza 1995.jpg|8th variation (1994–1999) File:Monza track map.svg|9th variation (2000–present) ==Events==
Events
; Current • May: GT World Challenge Europe, GT2 European Series, GT4 European Series, McLaren Trophy Europe, Porsche Sprint Challenge Suisse • June: Formula Regional European Championship ACI Racing Weekend Monza, Italian GT Championship, TCR Italian Series, Italian F4 Championship, • August: Eurocup-3, Austria Formula Cup, Prototype Cup Europe • September: Formula One Italian Grand Prix, FIA Formula 2 Championship Monza Formula 2 round, FIA Formula 3 Championship, International GT Open, Euroformula Open Championship, TCR Europe Touring Car Series, Porsche Supercup, GT Cup Open Europe • October: Lamborghini Super Trofeo World Finals, Italian GT Championship ACI Racing Weekend Monza, E4 Championship, Lamborghini Super Trofeo Europe, Lamborghini Super Trofeo Asia, Lamborghini Super Trofeo North America ; Former • 24H Series12 Hours of Monza (2020, 2023) • Acceleration 2014 (2014) • Alpine Elf Cup Series (2022, 2024) • Auto GP (1999–2005, 2007, 2009–2014, 2016) • BMW M1 Procar Championship (1979) • BOSS GP (2011–2016, 2018–2019, 2021, 2023, 2025) • BPR Global GT Series (1995–1996) • British Formula 3 International Series (2005, 2007–2008, 2011–2012) • Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (2021) • DTM Trophy (2021) • Eurocup Mégane Trophy (2005) • European Formula 5000 Championship (1970–1971, 1974) • European Formula Two Championship (1973) • European Le Mans Series4 Hours of Monza (2017–2022) • 1000 km of Monza (2004–2005, 2007–2008) • European Touring Car Championship (1964–1986, 1988, 2000–2001, 2003–2004) • European Touring Car Cup (2012–2013, 2017) • EuroV8 Series (2014) • F1 Academy (2023) • Ferrari Challenge Europe (2004, 2006–2017, 2021, 2025) • Ferrari Challenge Finali Mondiali (2001, 2004, 2006, 2018) • FFSA GT Championship (2001) • FIA European Formula 3 Championship (1975–1980, 1982–1984) • FIA Formula 3 European Championship (2013, 2015, 2017) • FIA Formula Two Championship (2010–2012) • FIA GT Championship (1999–2001, 2003–2005, 2007–2008) • FIA Sportscar Championship (1999–2001, 2003) • FIA World Endurance Championship6 Hours of Monza (2021–2023) • FIM Endurance World Championship (1964–1965, 1985, 1987) • Formula Abarth Italian Championship (2005, 2007–2014) • Formula BMW Europe (2008–2010) • Formula Palmer Audi (2003–2005) • Formula Renault 2.0 Alps (2011–2015) • Formula Renault Eurocup (1995–2001, 2004–2005, 2016–2020) • Formula Renault V6 Eurocup (2003–2004) • French F4 Championship (2009, 2017, 2021) • French Formula Renault Championship (1990, 1995, 1999) • French Formula Three Championship (1978) • GB3 Championship (2025) • GP2 SeriesMonza GP2 round (2005–2016) • GP3 Series (2010–2018) • Grand Prix motorcycle racingItalian motorcycle Grand Prix (1949–1968, 1970–1971, 1981, 1983, 1986–1987) • Indy Autonomous Challenge (2023, 2025) • International Formula 3000 (1988, 1990, 2001–2004) • International Formula Master (2005–2008) • International GTSprint Series (2011–2013) • Italian Formula Renault Championship (2000–2012) • Italian Formula Three Championship (1971–1993, 1995, 2002–2005, 2007–2012) • Le Mans Cup (2017–2022) • Ligier European Series (2020–2022) • Monza Grand Prix (1922, 1929–1933, 1948–1952, 1980) • Monza Rally Show (1978–2000, 2003–2021, 2023–2024) • NASCAR Whelen Euro Series (2013) • Porsche Carrera Cup France (2001, 2010, 2021, 2023) • Porsche Carrera Cup Germany (1987–1988, 2021) • Race of Two Worlds (1957–1958) • SEAT León Eurocup (2008, 2010, 2014–2015) • Sidecar World Championship (1949–1957, 1965, 1967, 1999–2003) • Superbike World Championship (1990, 1992–1993, 1995–2013) • Superleague Formula (2009) • Supersport World Championship (1997–2013) • Superstars Series (2004–2005, 2007–2013) • TCR Eastern Europe Trophy (2019) • TCR International Series (2015, 2017) • TCR World Tour (2025) • Trofeo Maserati (2003–2006, 2010–2011) • World Rally ChampionshipRally Monza (2020–2021) • World Series Formula V8 3.5 (1999–2003, 2005, 2007–2008, 2011, 2013–2014, 2016–2017) • World Sportscar Championship (1963–1975, 1980–1988, 1990–1992) • World Touring Car ChampionshipFIA WTCC Race of Italy (2005–2008, 2010–2013, 2017) ; Special • Nike Breaking2 ==See also==
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