This class lived through all the changes involved in the creation of the Spanish high-speed network; originally the plan was to build the high-speed route to
Andalusia on an
Iberian gauge track (). At the last minute, it was decided that it should be , meaning RENFE changed its original order for 24 Iberian gauge units to sixteen standard gauge ones, which were delivered between 1991 and 1993. After various changes in the contract with Alstom and compensation for delays the final eight were delivered; two standard gauge sets and 6 Iberian gauge sets. The Iberian sets became the
Renfe Class 101 which used to operate the
Euromed services along the Mediterranean corridor (this route is now covered by the
RENFE Class 130 trains). Train 100.015 set one of the most important speed records in Spain, reaching on a test run. Its previous record had been on an earlier test run. The Class 100 was also involved in speed tests using
Talgo carriages. In 2002 one of the power cars of set 100.012 was severely damaged in a collision. The car was rebuilt by using the newer TGV-Duplex design, giving this set the unique feature of having two different model power cars. This class has almost exclusively served the
Madrid–Seville high-speed rail line. They were used on the
Madrid–Barcelona high-speed rail line for a short period until introduction of the
RENFE Class 102. The units used on the Barcelona line had to have their
pantographs changed as well as installation of the
ERTMS system. In 2007, after fifteen years of service—half of the trains' expected working life—the entire Class 100 fleet was refurbished. In February 2011, on account of financial pressures, RENFE announced that, instead of buying 10 new trains to cover the Paris-Madrid route, it would convert AVE Class 100 trains for the route, at a cost of €30 million, rather than €270 million. RENFE announced that the capacity would be increased to keep the cost down, in addition to the conversion work planned for the trains' electrification and signaling systems. In 2013, some S100 trains have been changed for French homologation making them compatible with French signaling system and so be able to cross the French border. The aim is to create rail service between major French cities and main Spanish cities (Madrid and Barcelona) simultaneously with SNCF. The S100 trains ran this service from 2013, following the cancellation of overnight services from Paris to Madrid and Barcelona, till 2022.
Air Nostrum proposed to lease some from RENFE to operate services from
Madrid Atocha to
Gare de Montpellier-Saint-Roch from October 2018, however as of September 2025, this has not happened. == Technical information ==