Bagua

There are eight possible combinations to render the various trigrams: == Relation to other principles ==

The Scripture of Changes 易经 (I Ching) listed two sources for the eight trigrams. Its chapter explains the first source thus: Tài Jí (太極) Great Axis Taiji is the encapsulation of all the universe, space and time. It is derived from Wújí 無極 (without axis) the formless, dimensionless, limitless, unbounded, infinite void. When the formless void began to stir and move, Taiji came into being. Liǎng Yí (兩儀) Dual Powers The beginning of the universe begot the twin forces: • ⚋ yīn (trad. 陰 / simp. 阴) dark, original, central, passive • ⚊ yáng (trad. 陽 / simp. 阳) bright, extreme, furthest, active Sì Xiàng (四像) Four Aspects The twin powers produce four aspects named: • ⚌ great yang 太陽 tàiyáng • ⚎ lesser yang 少陽 shǎoyáng • ⚍ lesser yin 少陰 shǎoyīn • ⚏ great yin 太陰 tàiyīn The four aspects are the differing levels of energy in world. Primarily they are associated with the solar terms, the two solstices and the two equinoxes. Being aspects they are also associated with the four main compass directions. Each direction is associated with a level of solar energy, and a mythological animal. • ⚌ great yang 太陽 tàiyáng, Summer Solstice (longest day), South (most sun), Red Bird • ⚎ lesser yang 少陽 shǎoyáng, Spring Equinox (increasing day), East (increasing sun), Blue Dragon • ⚍ lesser yin 少陰 shǎoyīn, Fall Equinox (increasing night), West (decreasing sun), White Tiger • ⚏ great yin 太陰 tàiyīn, Winter Solstice (longest night), North (least sun), Black Tortoise Bā Guà (八卦) Eight Passages The four phenomena act through the eight gates (bā guà): • ☰ Heaven , warming • ☳ Thunder , storming • ☵ Water , pooling • ☶ Mountain , jutting • ☴ Wind , dispersing • ☲ Fire , dancing • ☱ Lake , engulfing • ☷ Earth , resting Another chapter, , characterizes the relationship of the trigrams as being: • ☰ Heaven, Father • ☷ Earth, Mother who have three sons: • ☳ Thunder, 1st Son • , ☵ Water, 2nd Son • ☶ Mountain, 3rd Son and have three daughters: • ☴ Wind, 1st Daughter • ☲ Fire, 2nd Daughter • ☱ Lake, 3rd Daughter The son trigrams all have a single ⚊ yáng line in their formation. The Yang trigrams correspond to odd numbers 1, 3, 5, 7. The daughter trigrams all have a single ⚋ yīn line in their formation. The Yin trigrams correspond to even numbers 0, 2, 4, 6. Their ordering is from bottom line, mid line, top line. Wǔxíng (五行) Five Phases The trigrams are related to the five phases of the Wuxing. The phases are: Water, Wood, Fire, Earth and Metal. The major qualities associated with the 5 phases are: • Water - Receding • Fire - Bursting • Earth - Resting • Wood - Growing • Metal - Contracting These qualities are associated with the seasons. • Water is associated with mid winter, the time of lowest energy. • Fire is associated with mid summer, the time of highest energy. • Earth is the pivot or balanced energy, either given as late summer, or as a brief transitional period between the seasons, where they are neither obviously one quality or the next. • Wood is associated with the spring time, burst with life and increasing sunshine. • Metal with the fall, life is slowing down, the days are shortening, and both men and creatures are taking precaution by storing food, and preparing for winter. Typically the trigram-to-phase correspondences are given as follows: • The phase of Water only corresponds with the trigram of the Deep . • The phase of Fire 火 only corresponds with the trigram of Flame . • The phase of Earth or Soil 土 corresponds with the trigrams of Earth and Mountain . • The phase of Wood 木 corresponds with the trigrams of Wind and Thunder . • The phase of Metal or Gold 金 corresponds with the trigrams of Heaven and Lake . Notably, more than just their seasonal correspondence, the elements have interactions with each other and relationships of promoting and subverting other elements, as well as reversals where there is insufficiency in one element, resulting in an unbalanced relationship giving unexpected results where it should normally promote or subvert another element, but gives the opposite effect. The wuxing and its promoting/subverting relationship system is also used as a frame work for understanding the relationships in spacial features in feng shui as well as the relationships between the organ systems in traditional Chinese medicine. Liùshísì Guà (六十四卦) Sixty-Four Hexagrams Eight trigrams stacked atop another eight trigrams give sixty-four variations of hexagrams, with the dominant quality above, and the secondary quality below. These sixty four hexagrams make up the main body of the Yijing oracle used for divination. The Yijing itself gives a pithy explanation for each hexagram. The ways can be thought of as eight main expectations, and each variation is an outcome either typical, inverted; promoted, subverted; nurtured, neglected; surprised or disappointed; depending on circumstance. The sixty-four hexagrams give many possibilities for how an endeavor may turn out. Diviners consulting the Yijing oracle use a variety of methods to elicit a response from the oracle, such as throwing yarrow stalks, tossing coins, pulling cards from a deck, or consulting exterior signs, such as examining the shapes of sacrificed animal entrails, examining the cracking patterns of bones tossed into a fire, observing the flight path of startled birds, etc. Hexagram lookup table == Fuxi's "Earlier Heaven" ==

's "Earlier Heaven" bagua arrangement == King Wen's "Later Heaven" ==

The bagua is a tool in the majority of feng shui schools. The bagua used in feng shui can appear in two different versions: the Earlier Heaven bagua, used for burial sites, and the Later Heaven bagua, used for residences. Pre-Natal Bagua Primordial bagua is also known as Fuxi bagua or Earlier Heaven bagua. Named after the mythological first emperor of China. In the Preface of Shang Shu by Kong Anguo, he writes that "In ancient times, Fuxi ruled the whole world. It was he who began to draw Eight Trigrams and to create Scripts in order to substitute the system of tying knots." In traditional Chinese medicine, this sequence is known as the prenatal sequence and is used to understand familial risk for illness or disease, similar to western medicine's understanding of formative medicine and the study of genetics. The Heaven trigram is at the top, the Earth trigram is at the bottom (the South was located at the top in Chinese maps of this period) of the bagua. The Fire trigram is located on the left, while the Water trigram is on the right. Thunder and wind form another pair, being the opposites of each other; the first is on the bottom left next to fire, while the second is next to Heaven on the top right of the bagua. Mountain and Lake form the last pair, with one opposite to the other. The adjustment of the trigrams is symmetrical by forming exact contrary pairs. They symbolize the opposite forces of Yin and Yang and represent a state in which everything is in balance. Post-Natal Bagua The sequence of trigrams in the Later Heaven bagua is attributed to King Wen. It is also known as the postnatal bagua arrangement in traditional Chinese medicine; it is used to understand physical, emotional and environmental patterns that influence health or disease, similarly to western medicine's inquiry into functional medical science. In this arrangement, Water is placed downwards and Fire at the top; Thunder is in the East, while Lake is in the West. Contrary to the Earlier Heaven bagua, the Later Heaven bagua is dynamic; energies and the aspects of each of its trigrams flow towards the following. It is the sequence used by the Luo Pan compass, which is used in feng shui and referred to as the manifest pattern; it analyzes the movement of the qi that practitioners believe affect them. Bagua Mirror A Bagua Mirror (八卦鏡, sometimes transliterated as Pa Kua Mirror) is a feng shui talisman, typically octagonal or circular in shape, with a display of bagua trigrams around a circular mirror, which could be flat, convex or concave. Modern bagua mirrors are evolved from ancient bronze-cast versions used by taoist masters to perform powerful Mirror Techniques (鏡術) said to reveal or destroy evil spirits or even overcome natural calamities. Although a bagua mirror bears some resemblance to a loupan, it is not a feng shui instrument but a feng shui remedy that is believed to reflect (flat variant), disperse (convex variant) or converge/absorb (concave variant) external Sha Qi (煞氣) or poison-arrows and hence alter the feng shui conditions of a residence. Bagua mirrors offer an inexpensive, often self-administered quick fix to certain feng shui concerns. For example, sharp corners of buildings or an open road leading to a house are considered sources of poison-arrows. When faced with such sources, people would sometimes install a bagua mirror above their front door or window to deflect the poison-arrows away from entering their residence. Since any reflected poison-arrows would supposedly be redirected towards the direction the mirror faces, pointing a bagua mirror towards a neighbor's residence is generally considered offensive and is a feng shui taboo. Unfortunately, the DIY nature makes them prone to misuse or abuse for personal vendetta against neighbors. Conflicts caused by offensive bagua mirror installations are well known in populous Chinese communities like Hong Kong and such feng shui mirror feuds have been parodied in popular culture. Western bagua The popularity of feng shui increased in the West because of the bagua of the eight aspirations. Each trigram corresponds to an aspect of life that also corresponds to one of the cardinal directions. Applying feng shui using the bagua of the eight aspirations (or bagua map for short) made it possible to simplify feng shui and to use it for the general public. Western bagua focuses more heavily on intention than the traditional forms of feng shui. Experienced practicers of traditional feng shui disregard Western bagua for its simplicity, since it does not take into account the forms of the landscape, time, or the annual cycles. The bagua of the eight aspirations is divided into two branches: the first, which uses the compass and cardinal directions, and the second, which uses the bagua by using the main door. Bagua map A bagua map is a tool used in Western forms of feng shui to map a room or location and see how the different sections correspond to different aspects in one's life. These sections are believed to relate to every area or aspect of life and are divided into categories such as fame, relationships/marriage, children/creativity, helpful people/travel, career, inner knowledge, family/ancestors/health, and wealth/blessings. In this system, the map is intended to be used over the land, one's home, office or desk to find areas lacking good chi, and to show where there are spaces that may need rectifying or enhancing in life or the environment. For example, if the bagua grid is placed over an entire house plan and it shows the toilet, bathroom, laundry, or kitchen in the wealth/blessings area of the map, it would be said that the money coming into that particular environment would disappear very fast. an "Mystic Tablet" containing the Eight Trigrams on top of a large tortoise (presumably, alluding to the animal that presented them to Fuxi), along with the 12 signs of Chinese zodiac, and a smaller tortoise carrying the Lo Shu Square on its shell == In Unicode ==

The bagua symbols in the Miscellaneous Symbols block of Unicode include the following: The Miscellaneous Symbols block also encodes the constituents ⚊ (yang—U+268A, ⚊) and ⚋ (yin—U+268B, ⚋), as well as the digrams ⚌ (greater yang—U+268C, ⚌), ⚍ (lesser yin—U+268D, ⚍), ⚎ (lesser yang—U+268E, ⚎), and ⚏ (greater yin—U+268F, ⚏). The hexagrams they form are separately encoded in the Yijing Hexagram Symbols Unicode block. == Modern usage ==

In traditional Chinese medicine, including the profession of acupuncture, the Earlier Heaven and Later Heaven arrangements are used to understand the pathogenesis of disease or illness and to select treatment plans specifically related and tailored to a patient's constitution. The Flag of South Korea has the four cardinal trigrams (qian, kun, kan, li) surrounding the taegeuk, or taijitu. These are specific representations of the movement and harmony of yin and yang. These trigrams were also depicted on the commissioning pennant of the South Korean Navy. == See also ==