Muntjac

The present name is a borrowing of the Latinized form of the Dutch , which was borrowed from the Sundanese (). The Latin form first appeared as in Zimmerman in 1780. An erroneous alternative name of Mastreani deer has its origins in a mischievous Wikipedia entry from 2011 and is incorrect. ==Distribution==

The present-day species are native to Asia and can be found in Thailand, Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam, the Indonesian islands, Taiwan and Southern China. Their habitat includes areas of dense vegetation, rainforests, monsoon forests and they like to be close to a water source. They are also found in the lower Himalayas (Terai regions of Nepal and Bhutan). An invasive population of Reeves's muntjac exists in the United Kingdom and in some areas of Japan. In the United Kingdom, wild muntjac descended from escapees from the Woburn Abbey estate around 1925.{{cite book Inhabiting tropical regions, the deer have no seasonal rut, and mating can take place at any time of year; this behaviour is retained by populations introduced to temperate countries. ==Description==

Tusks buck with exposed canine tooth , slanted pedicles and branched antlers. A distinct coronet, or burr, is visible at the antler-pedicle junction. Males have short antlers, which can regrow, but they tend to fight for territory with their "tusks" (downward-pointing canine teeth). The presence of these "tusks" is otherwise unknown in native British wild deer and can be an identifying feature to differentiate a muntjac from an immature native deer. Water deer also have visible tusks but they are much less widespread. Although these tusks resemble those of both water deer and the musk deer, the muntjac is not related to either of these (and they are not related to each other). The tusks are of a quite different shape in each. Glands , India s have been shed for summer. Muntjacs possess various scent glands that have crucial functions in communication and territorial marking. They use their facial glands primarily to mark the ground and occasionally other individuals, and the glands are opened during defecation and urination, as well as sometimes during social displays. While the frontal glands are typically opened involuntarily as a result of facial muscle contractions, the preorbital glands near the eyes can be voluntarily opened much wider and even everted to push out the underlying glandular tissue. Even young fawns are capable of fully everting their preorbital glands. ==Genetics==

Muntjac are of great interest in evolutionary studies because of their dramatic chromosome variations and the discovery of several new species. The Southern red muntjac (M. muntjak) is the mammal with the lowest recorded chromosome number: The male has a diploid number of 7, the female only 6 chromosomes. Reeves's muntjac (M. reevesi), in comparison, has a diploid number of 46 chromosomes. ==Species==

The genus Muntiacus has 14 recognized species: • Bornean yellow muntjac, Muntiacus atherodes • Hairy-fronted muntjac or black muntjac, Muntiacus crinifrons • Fea's muntjac, Muntiacus feae • Gongshan muntjac, Muntiacus gongshanensis • Malabar red muntjak, Muntiacus malabaricus • Sumatran muntjac Muntiacus montanus • Southern red muntjac, Muntiacus muntjak • Leaf muntjac Muntiacus putaoensis • Pu Hoat muntjac Muntiacus puhoatensis • Reeves's muntjac or Chinese muntjac, Muntiacus reevesi • Roosevelt's muntjac, Muntiacus rooseveltorum • Truong Son muntjac Muntiacus truongsonensis • Northern red muntjac, Muntiacus vaginalis • Giant muntjac, Muntiacus vuquangensis ==See also==