Barnaul

Barnaul is the administrative centre of the krai. Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with the work settlement of Yuzhny and twenty-four rural localities, incorporated as the city of krai significance of Barnaul – an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the city of krai significance of Barnaul is incorporated as Barnaul Urban Okrug. == Geography ==

Barnaul is located in the forest steppe zone of the West Siberian Plain, on the left bank of the Ob River, at its confluence with the Barnaulka. The border with Kazakhstan is to the south, which makes Barnaul the closest major city to the Altai Mountains. The city is also situated relatively close to the Russian border with Mongolia and the border with China. == History ==

Ancient history The area around the city has been inhabited by modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans, for hundreds of thousands of years. They settled here to take advantage of the confluence of the rivers, used for transportation and fishing. In the late BC millennia, the locality was a centre of activity for Scythian and various Turkic peoples. Russian Empire While 1730 is considered Barnaul's official establishment date, its first mention dates back to 1724. It was granted city status in 1771. Chosen for its proximity to the mineral-rich Altai Mountains and its location on a major river, it was founded by the wealthy Demidov family. In 1914, Barnaul was the site of the largest conscription riot in Russia during World War I. There were more than 100 casualties from the fighting. Mary 'Marie' 'Maria' Stepanovna Zudilova Tatuloff Zacharenko Gurdin (1908–1998) was reputedly born in this city. She later became the mother of American actresses Natalie and Lana Wood. Her father Stepan was reputedly killed in the 1918 street fighting between the Whites and Reds following the Revolution. Afterward her mother took Mary and her siblings as refugees to Harbin, China. Mary married Alexander Tatuloff there in 1925, and they had a daughter Olga together. Mary eventually immigrated to the United States, where she divorced Alexander in 1936 and later married Nicholas Zacharenko, from Ussuriysk, and had two daughters with him. World War II Over half of the light ammunition used by the Soviet Union in World War II is estimated to have been manufactured in Barnaul. Recent history In 2012, when residents of Barnaul were denied a permit for a street protest, they ingeniously circumvented the restriction by staging a demonstration with toys such as teddy bears, Lego figures, and toy soldiers holding signs denouncing electoral corruption. The photos of these rebellious figurines quickly spread across Russia, prompting others to replicate the protest. Faced with an awkward dilemma, Putin's government decided to ban the toy protests, asserting that toys, not being Russian citizens, were ineligible to participate in public gatherings, as explained by a government official. == Demographics ==

As of 2021, the ethnic composition of Barnaul was: == Economy ==

Barnaul is an important industrial centre of Western Siberia. There are more than 100 industrial enterprises in the city, employing approximately 120,000 people. Leading industries include diesel and carbon processing; as well as production of heavy machinery, tyres, furniture and footwear. The Barnaul Cartridge Plant, a major manufacturer of small-arms ammunition, is located in the city. == Transportation ==

Barnaul is located on the South Siberian, Turk–Sib and Omsk–Barnaul railway lines. Barnaul has public transport of buses, minibuses, trolleybuses, trams and taxies. Intercity bus routes are operate to Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Biysk, Rubtsovsk and other cities. Also there are bus routes to Kazakhstan cities Oskemen, Pavlodar. Barnaul International Airport is located 16 kilometres west of the city center. It is served by airlines such as Aeroflot, S7, Nordwind, Iraero and Ural Airlines. It has regular flights to Moscow, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, Surgut etc. == Climate ==

The humid continental climate of Barnaul (Köppen Dfb) is defined by its geographical position at the southern end of the Siberian forest steppe: it is subject to long winters, with an average of in January, but also enjoys a short warm season in the summer with an average temperature of in July. Temperatures can vary in the extreme, from below in the winter to above in the summer. The climate is relatively dry. The average precipitation in the area is per year, 75% of which occurs during the region's warmer season. This means snow packs can be quite moderate in spite of the cold temperatures. in Barnaul == Notable people ==

• Alexander von Bunge, botanist, worked in Barnaul • Maria Butina, alleged agent of Russia, and member of the State Duma • Aleksey Chuklin, racing driver • Yakov Erlikh, is a Russian professional football player • Pyotr Kozmitch Frolov, scientist and inventor • Valery Kopytov, serial killer • Tatyana Kotova, Olympic champion in long jump • Kirill Marchenko, NHL professional ice hockey player • Julia Neigel, singer, songwriter • Ivan Nifontov, World champion and Olympic medalist in Judo • Alexey Novikov-Priboy, writer • Ivan Polzunov, inventor, creator of the first two-cylinder engine in the world • Anastasiia Salos, European and world medalist rhythmic gymnast • Konstantin Scherbakov, pianist • Sergey Shubenkov, track and field athlete, 2015 world champion • Nadezhda Shuvayeva-Olkhova, Olympic champion in basketball • Alexey Smertin, former captain of the Russia national football team • Rita Streich, coloratura soprano • Andrei Svechnikov, professional NHL ice hockey player • Evgeny Svechnikov, professional NHL and KHL ice hockey player • Nikolai Yadrintsev, explorer and archeologist, discoveries include the Orkhon script, Genghis Khan's capital, Karakorum • Mikhail Yakubov, NHL and KHL professional ice hockey player • Mikhail Yevdokimov, comedian and former governor of Altai Krai • Maxim Zimin, racing driver • Maria Zudilova, mother of Natalie Wood == Twin towns – sister cities ==

Barnaul is twinned with: • Baicheng, China • Changji, China • Flagstaff, United States • Öskemen, Kazakhstan • Shumen, Bulgaria == See also ==