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Bau, Sarawak

Bau is a gold mining town, the capital of Bau District in the Kuching Division of Sarawak, Malaysia. It is 29 km from Batu Kawah and 70 km from Serian.

Names and etymology
The origin of the name "Bau" is uncertain, but it is commonly believed to derive from a local (Bidayuh or Malay) word meaning "smell" or "odor". This has been interpreted in relation to the environmental conditions of the area, including mineral-rich soils and mining activity that may have produced distinctive smells. Another explanation for the etymology derived from "odor" is that the 1837 Skrang Iban attack on the Jagoi‑Bratak Bidayuh settlement - in which more than 2,000 people were killed - left such a strong smell of decay in the surrounding valleys that the area subsequently became associated with the odor. The historical Chinese mining town of Old Bau was also known by the Chinese name of Maw San () which literally means "hat mountain" and refers to the distinct hat-like shape of the nearby Krian Mountain (Malay: Gunung Krian). It could hence be that "Bau" is derived from "Maw". The most commonly used modern Chinese name for Bau is Shilongmen () literally "Prosperous Stone Gateway". ==History==
History
On 1 May 1837, the Skrang Ibans invaded the Jagoi-Bratak Bidayuh settlement on top of Bratak Peak, killing over 2,000 Jagoi-Bratak Bidayuh men and taking 1,000 women captive. Panglima Kulow, head of Jagoi-Bratak Bidayuh community, and a handful of his followers survived the massacre. In 1841 James Brooke, who was then the newly installed White Rajah of Sarawak, was able to rescue some of the women taken captive. Each year on 1 May, descendants of the survivors of the 1837 massacre hold Jagoi-Bratak Day on top of Bratak Hill in Bau in memory of their ancestors. A memorial stone was erected on 1 May 1988, to mark the day. Gold mining The Hakka Chinese first began gold mining in Bau in the 1800s, centred at Pangkalan Tebang. Local Chinese oral history put the establishment of first Chinese settlement in Bau at 1830. Chinese immigration into Bau halted temporarily in 1836 during the civil war between Kuching Malays and Bruneian Malays. Amongst those who were killed during the uprising were police inspector P. Middleton and his family, R. Wellington, an employee of Borneo Company Limited (BCL), 19-year-old Harry Nicholettes, the Lundu Resident, and a Malay Corporal. But during the Great Depression Chinese miners continued to artisanally mine the deposits. The mines were reopened in the late 1970s when world gold prices soared, but were closed down again in 1996 when the Asian financial crisis started. The last mining occurred at the Tai Parit open-pit mine. In 2002, Preston Resources began exploratory development of the mining leases formerly held by Malaysia's Oriental Peninsula Gold (now Peninsula Gold Ltd.). Zedex was primarily concerned with determining the extent and richness of the remaining Jugan gold deposits, but it also assayed the old tailings at the Bukit Young Gold Mine site for potential reprocessing. As of 2014, the mining rights were held by North Borneo Gold, a joint venture of Besra Gold (aka Olympus Pacific Minerals), Golden Celesta and Gladioli Enterprises, a Malaysian mining group. , the mines have not reopened. ==Geography==
Geography
The gold deposits in Bau Township occur in the Jugan Hills in marine sedimentary rocks of late Jurassic to early Cretaceous age, primarily limestone. The gold comes from hydrothermal sources activated by local volcanism. The limestone cliffs in the area support a wide range of endemic flora, including the rare pitcher plant Nepenthes northiana. ==Economic activities==
Economic activities
According to a survey by Bau District Office (Majlis Daerah Bau), there are ten major economic activities that available in Bau Township (Pekan Bau) and their surrounding areas in Bau District : • Agricultural sectorLivestock & agrotechnology businessCommercial retail & shop business activitiesPrimary and secondary schools educationHealthcare and lifestyle activitiesCommunity social and welfare activitiesLocal and international festival & eventsLocal history & archives preservationFlora, fauna, and forestry preservationLocal and regional tourism sector == Demographics ==
Demographics
As of 2025, Bau has a population of 70,846 people. ==Governance==
Education infrastructure
Primary schools • SK Tringgus • SK Tembawang • SK Sungai Pinang • SK Suba Buan • SK Stass • SK St Teresa (M) • SK St Stephen (M) • SK St Patrick (M) • SK St John (M) • SK Skibang • SK Siniawan • SK Simpang Kuda • SK Serumbu • SK Serasot • SK Serabak • SK Senibong • SK Segubang • SK Segong • SK Sebobok • SK Puak • SK Podam • SK Pedaun Bawah • SK Opar • SK Kampung Bobak/Sejinjang • SK Jagoi • SK Gumbang • SK Grogo • SK Buso • SK Bau • SK Atas • SK Apar • SJK (C) Chung Hua Tondong • SJK (C) Chung Hua Taiton • SJK (C) Chung Hua Siniawan • SJK (C) Chung Hua Sebuku • SJK (C) Chung Hua Paku • SJK (C) Chung Hua Musi • SJK (C) Chung Hua Kranji • SJK (C) Chung Hua Buso • SJK (C) Chung Hua Bau Secondary schools • SMK Paku (S) • SMK Lake • SMK Bau • SMK Singai (open on 25 June 2018 as the 4th secondary school in Bau District) Colleges • Kolej Komuniti Mas Gading, Bau • GIATMARA Mas Gading, Senggi Poak Land District, Singai-Tondong, Bau ==Attractions and recreational spots==
Attractions and recreational spots
In 2022, Roxy Tasik Biru Resort opened to the public. It is equipped with a floating bridge, fountain, chalets, a café, and a boat ride service. Fairy Cave and Wind Cave are located in the Bau District. Pontoon modular floating bridge at Tasik Biru, Bau.jpg|Floating bridge and a small resort at Tasik Biru. Looking towards the opening of the Fairy Cave chamber.jpg|The Fairy Cave Chamber. Bidayuh baruk in Kampung Opar, Bau.jpg|Bidayuh baruk in Kampung Opar, built since 1800s. Lung Hua Kong temple dragon sculpture, Musi, Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia.jpg|Dragon sculpture in Lung Hua Kong temple, Musi. Mount Singai Bau Jesus statue.jpg|Statue of Christ the King in Mount Singai Apart from that, Bau District area also have new modern commercial areas such as ROXY Tasik Biru Resort City Shophouse (which is already completed in 2024) and Bau Golden Square (still under construction). For the cultural and sport sector, Bau District area will have the new Bidayuh Cultural Centre (Pusat Kebudayaan Bidayuh, Jambusan, Bau) and new Bau Sports Arena which is located at Jambusan area in Bau. ==Notable people==
Notable people
Irene Chang, politician • Jamilah Anu, politician • Liu Shan Bang, Chinese gold miner • Pandelela Rinong, 2012 Olympic medallist for diving, 2016 Olympic medallist for diving, Bidayuh girl from Kampung Jugan, Bau. ==References==
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