There is no absolute consensus among linguists regarding the classification of the traditional varieties of Batavian language. The most popular classification divides Batavian into two varieties (dialects or subdialects), i.e.: • Middle Batavian or Urban Batavian dialect (
Betawi Tengah or
Betawi Kota), originally spoken within the Urban Jakarta region, which is mainly characterized by an obvious realization of final to , e.g.: (
Indonesian) 'to be (existence)' → . • Suburban Batavian or Ora Batavian dialect (
Betawi Pinggiran or
Betawi Ora), originally spoken in suburban
Jakarta,
Tangerang in
Banten,
Depok,
Bogor,
Bekasi, and
Karawang in
West Java, which is characterized by the retention of final or a change into , e.g. or 'I, me' instead of , and the use of 'no, not' as a negation particle instead of which is used in the Middle dialect. Chaer (1982) divided the language into four subdialects, which are based mainly on—but not limited to—phonological realization variations, i.e.: • Meester subdialect, spread across
Jatinegara,
Kampung Melayu, and the surrounding areas. • Tanah Abang subdialect, spread across
Tanah Abang, Petamburan, and surrounding areas. • Karet subdialect, spread across ,
Senayan,
Kuningan,
Menteng, and surrounding areas. • Kebayoran subdialect, spread across suburban and rural areas of the Batavian-speaking region. The table below briefly describes the final sound realization variations between the subdialects drawn by Chaer (1982): However, Chaer (2015) also made a classification of dialectal variations based on the typology of Batavian subgroups, which is divided into three dialectal variations, i.e.: • Urban variation (
Betawi Kota or
Betawi Tengah) • Suburban variation • Rural variation (
Betawi Ora) Apart from a geographical basis, this typology is also based on final phoneme realization variations. This table describes the differences between these variations as cited in Chaer (2015). Meanwhile, Grijns (1991) drew the classification into 7 distinct dialects (or dialect clusters). These dialectal differences are drawn not only based on phonological realization variations—unlike other classifications that are mainly focused only on these phonological realization variations of final sounds—but also based on morphological and lexical differences (including lexical compatibility with other languages, such as
Balinese,
Javanese,
Malay, and
Sundanese). This is the classification of the dialects: • Urban Jakarta Malay dialect, spoken mainly within the urban area of
Jakarta. The most conspicuous feature of this dialect is the occurrence of as the realization of the final diaphoneme , e.g.: 'how many, how much' → . From a lexical compatibility aspect, this language has a high lexical compatibility with
Malay and
Indonesian.
Javanese and
Sundanese influences are roughly almost equal, while
Balinese influence, though not dominant, is the highest among the clusters. •
Cengkareng–
Grogol Petamburan–
Kebayoran Baru dialects, spoken in several parts of
West Jakarta and
Senayan,
South Jakarta. From a lexical compatibility aspect, Javanese and Sundanese influences are roughly equal. However, lexical compatibility with Malay is lower, while Balinese influence is insignificant. Another typical feature of this dialect is the realization of the final diaphoneme with (
schwa) in several places belonging to this dialect, e.g.: 'how many, how much' → . •
Pasar Rebo dialect, spoken in several parts of
East Jakarta, especially in Pasar Rebo,
Pulo Gadung, and surrounding areas. Lexically, this dialect has roughly almost equal Javanese and Sundanese influences, and lower compatibility with Malay. •
Ciputat dialect, spoken across the western part of the Batavian-speaking region, comprising Ciputat in
South Tangerang,
Depok, and several parts of northern
Bogor. Lexically, Javanese influence is higher than Sundanese influence, although the difference is not significant. •
Gunungsindur dialect, spoken in the southwestern part of the Batavian-speaking region, especially in the Gunungsindur region. The Sundanese influence is dominant in this dialect, followed by Javanese influence. •
Pebayuran dialect, spoken in the eastern part of the Batavian-speaking region, mainly in the
Bekasi region. The main distinct feature of this dialect is a strong Sundanese influence, both lexically and morphologically. Javanese influence is less prevalent, while compatibility with Malay is insignificant. •
Mauk–
Sepatan dialect, spoken in the northeastern part of the Batavian-speaking region, precisely in Mauk and Sepatan, which are located on the northern coast of
Tangerang Regency. Despite high
Banten Javanese and
Sundanese influences, the lexical compatibility with Malay/Indonesian is also high. However, Von de Wall (1909) also noted a dialect of the Batavian language, which has the visible feature of the final realization as . The usage of this "older" dialect started to fade later and to be replaced gradually with . In 1971, Grijns (1991) could still witness a consistent realization of in
Kebon Pala. Here is an example of this dialect usage: Even though the Urban Jakarta dialect with its final realization stereotypes the Batavian language throughout Indonesia, there is no concept of a certain regional dialect being considered as 'higher' or 'more prestigious' than the other dialects among
Batavians. However, dialect-mixing is also found in some cases, especially on social media posts. According to
Glottolog 5.2, the dialects are divided into Bekasi, Cikarang, Depok, Parung, Serpong, and Tangerang. There is a distinction between the Bekasi and Cikarang dialects, even though they are administratively in the same area, for example Bekasi dialect is used in the western part, including
Babelan,
Muaragembong, and surrounding areas, while the Cikarang dialect is used in
Cikarang and surrounding areas, directly bordering the
Bekasi Sundanese speaking area. Likewise, the Serpong and Tangerang dialects are also distinguished, with the Serpong dialect spoken in
South Tangerang, namely
Serpong and its surroundings, especially
Setu and
Pondok Aren, while the Tangerang dialect refers to the dialect used in the city of
Tangerang and coastal areas such as
Teluknaga,
Mauk, and surrounding areas. Both dialects are influenced by Tangerang Sundanese. ==Sample==