BIMARU states

In the mid-1980s, economic analyst Ashish Bose coined the acronym BIMARU, in a paper submitted to then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. Several studies, including those by the UN, showed that the performance of the BIMARU states affected the GDP growth rate of India. (, ) in Hindustani means 'sick', so BIMARU refers to the poor economic conditions of these states. == Improvements and former BIMARU states ==

Uttarakhand is now a relatively-developed state and is no longer in the BIMARU category because of its economic growth, education, healthcare and more when compared with the other states formed. Uttarakhand is the only state for which all the districts are in the category of top 25% HDI districts. Dehradun, the winter capital of Uttarakhand, is known for its good quality education and also hosts the top schools in the country. It is also known as the school capital of India. Uttarakhand, after it was split from Uttar Pradesh and made a separate state, has made tremendous progress. Bihar's GDP grew by 80% from 2006 to 2007, which was higher than in the two prior years, which was one of the highest recorded by the Government of India for that period. They have laid greater emphasis on education and learning by appointing more teachers and opening a software park. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh contribute significantly to the Indian Army, Central Industrial Security Force, Border Security Force, National Security Guard, Indian Air Force and many paramilitary forces because of their large young populations. Recently, these states are working for their improvement by developing infrastructure, IT parks and becoming more inviting to businesspeople for investment. ==Key metrics==

Population growth The BIMARU states have some of the highest fertility rates in India, which has led to a higher population growth in these states compared to rest of India. In 2010, the total fertility rate was 3.9 for Bihar, 3.5 for Uttar Pradesh, 3.2 for Madhya Pradesh and 3.1 for Rajasthan, compared to 2.5 for India as a whole. While in 2024, it was 3.0 for Bihar, 2.7 for Uttar Pradesh, 2.6 for Madhya Pradesh and 2.4 for Rajasthan, compared to 2.0 for India. Literacy rates The literacy rates in these states in 2023-24 are Bihar (74.3%), Rajasthan (75.8%), Jharkhand (76.7%), Madhya Pradesh (75.2%) and Uttar Pradesh (78.2%), compared to the national average of 80.9%. Health care The life expectancy in the BIMARU states is lower than other Indian states and is lower than the average life expectancy of India as a whole. That implies that they bring down the overall average. Economic growth Corruption remains one of the key factors reflecting poverty levels throughout the world, and these states generally fare worse in the corruption indexes that are published. It is one of the enigmas that in spite of the large representation in the Indian Parliament, the states cannot get adequate resources for their development. ==See also==