'' sp. The Asaphids generally have
cephalon (head) and
pygidium (tail) parts similar in size, and most species have a prominent median ventral suture. Heads are often flat, and carapace furrows in the head area are often faint or not visible. Thoracic segments typically number 5 - 12, though some species have as few as two and some as many as 30. They also generally have a wide doublure, or rim, that surrounds the cephalon. This causes some specimens to be described as having a characteristic "snowplow" shaped cephalon. When present, eyes are typically large. '' One Asaphida line, the superfamily Asaphoidea, shows a continuous
evolution of eyestalks, from individuals with stubby eyes to
Asaphus kowalewskii, a trilobite with long
eyestalks. This line is found in the Middle Ordovician Asery Level deposits of the
Volkhov River region near
Saint Petersburg,
Russia. During the Ordovician, the region that is now Eastern
Europe was a shallow inland sea. This eyestalk development is believed to be an adaptation to changes in turbidity during this time, with eye-stalked trilobites like
A. kowalewski presumably arising in a time of increased turbidity. One thought is that this trilobite may have lain in wait for prey buried in the bottom
sediment with only its periscope eyestalks protruding. The major extinction event marking the end of the Ordovician Period reduced the diversity of all trilobite orders with most asaphid families disappearing. The only surviving asaphids were members of superfamily
Trinucleioidea, and they too disappeared before the end of the
Silurian Period. '' ==Taxonomy==