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Borocera cajani

Borocera cajani, also known as landibe in Malagasy, is a species of silk-producing lasiocampid moth endemic to Madagascar. It is often confused with the similar Borocera madagascariensis, which has the same Malagasy name. However, B. cajani is the species associated with silk production in highland Madagascar, while B. madagascariensis is found in the coastal portion of the island.

Life history
B. cajani is bivoltine, Pupae of the second generation are more numerous than the first. The entire life cycle takes between 102 and 192 days to complete. B. cajani feeds on the following plants: Uapaca bojeri, Aphloia theiformis, Erica baroniana, Psychotria retiphlebia, Aristida rufescens, Saccharum viguieri, Imperata cylindrica, Dodonaea madagascariensis, Schizolaena microphylla, Sarcolaena oblongifolia, and Loudetia madagascariensis. Of these host plants, Uapaca bojeri, the tapia tree, forms the overwhelming majority of B. cajanis food. However, it has been raised experimentally to prefer another tree, voafotsy (Aphloia theaeformis). B. cajani is preyed upon by a large variety of birds, bats, reptiles, preying mantids, ants, and spiders. They are subject to parasitism by Ichneumonid and Braconid wasps, as well as the tachinid fly Synthesiomyia nudiseta. It is subject to diseases such as Pébrine, Muscardine, and Flacherie. ==Human interactions==
Human interactions
As food B. cajani is considered a delicacy to the Malagasy people. They eat it in the pupal stage either fried or mixed with chicken and rice. Landibe silk is harvested by women, who dye the silks using plant dye, mud, and charcoal to give the silk earthy colors. An estimated 10,000 families work within the silk industry within Madagascar. During the colonial period, French authorities attempted to control the landibe industry, with a landibe research center being created by colonial authorities. Joseph Gallieni wrote of landibe silk as an "important issue which directly affects the economic future of Madagascar," with district boundaries planned out according to expected silk revenues within the tapia woodlands. The practice is one of simultaneously clothing the corpse, as well as honoring them. While refusing to shroud a corpse is viewed as stripping the body of its status as a human and veneration. , with robes of landibe silk. Painting by Henry Room, before 1850 Along with funerary shrouds, landibe silk is used to make lamba garments. The lamba is often seen as an iconic Malagasy symbol to the diaspora population, which wear it to represent their cultural heritage. During the rule of Radama I, landibe silk was used to create Western attire such as suits and in the present day, can be used to make high-end fashion. Some elder individuals hold the silk in high regard, and believe that only nobility and elders can wear it, due to its association with the practices of Famadihana. ==Conservation==
Conservation
B. cajani is currently unlisted on the IUCN Red List. However a local study noted that the species was "critically endangered" in its local habitat of tapia woodland. From a yield of 100 tons in 1902, landibe silk has fallen to a yield of 43 tons in 2009. Historically, the drop was attributed to zavadolo or spiritual matters, as well as the lack of soron-dandy, a ritual to ensure a large yield of silk. An indirect threat to the silkworms have been bush fires caused by dahalo, bandits who burn the tapia woodland where the moths are native to cover their tracks during theft, along with deforestation for firewood. ==Gallery==
Gallery
Cocons qui macèrent.jpg|Boiling the soherina (pupae) Vers extraits.jpg|The extracted chrysalids Filage.jpg|Manually processing the landibe thread Métier à tisser.jpg|Hand weaving of the landibe silk == References ==
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