He was born at
Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, the son of Richard Wistar (1727–1781) and Sarah Wyatt (1733–1771). He was the grandson of
Caspar Wistar (1696–1752), a
German immigrant,
Quaker and
glassmaker.
Education He was educated at the Friends' school in his native city, where he received a thorough
classical training. His interest in
medicine began while he was aiding in the care of the wounded after the
battle of Germantown, and he made his first studies under the direction of Dr.
John Redman. He studied medicine, first at the
University of Pennsylvania (receiving his Bachelor of Medicine degree in 1782), and then at the
University of Edinburgh (receiving his Doctor of Medicine degree in 1786). While in Scotland he was, for two successive years, president of the
Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh, and also president of a society for the further investigation of natural history.
Career Upon his return to the U.S. in January 1787, he entered on the practice of his profession in Philadelphia, where he was at once appointed one of the physicians to the Philadelphia Dispensary. On October 5,
1787, Wistar and
Timothy Matlack presented a probable
dinosaur metatarsal discovered in
Late Cretaceous rocks near
Woodbury Creek as "a large thigh bone" to the
American Philosophical Society in
Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. He was professor of chemistry and the institutes of medicine in the College of Philadelphia from 1789 till 1792, when the faculty of that institution united with the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, of which he was adjunct professor of anatomy, midwifery, and surgery until 1808. In that year, on the death of his associate, Dr.
William Shippen Jr., he was given the chair of anatomy, which he retained until his death. He was elected a Fellow of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1803. For his teaching at the University of Pennsylvania, he developed a set of anatomical models—human remains preserved by injecting them with wax—to assist with the teaching of anatomy. He published
A System of Anatomy in two volumes from 1811 to 1814. His fame attracted students to his lectures, and he was largely the means of establishing the reputation of the school. Meanwhile, he was chosen physician to the Pennsylvania Hospital, where he remained until 1810. His reputation as an anatomist was increased by his description of the posterior portion of the
ethmoid bone with the triangular bones attached, which received universal recognition as an original treatment of the subject. He was an early promoter of
vaccination. During the
yellow fever epidemic of 1793, he suffered an attack of the disease contracted while caring for his patients. It was his habit to throw open his house once every week in the winter, and at these gatherings students, citizens, scientists, and travelers met and discussed subjects of interest. These assemblies, celebrated in the annals of Philadelphia under the title of Wistar parties, were continued long after his death by other residents of that city. The
American College of Physicians elected him a fellow in 1787, and he was appointed one of its censors in 1794, which place he retained until his death. In 1787 he was elected to membership of the
American Philosophical Society, served as curator until he was chosen its vice-president in 1795, and on the resignation of
Thomas Jefferson, in 1815, served as president until his death. He also served as president of the
Society for the Abolition of Slavery, succeeding
Benjamin Rush. The
botanist Thomas Nuttall named the
genus Wisteria in his honour (some call it
Wistaria but the misspelling is conserved under the
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature). The
Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology at the
University of Pennsylvania, founded in 1892 by his great-nephew,
Isaac Jones Wistar, is also named for Caspar Wistar. Wistar was a friend of
Thomas Jefferson, with whom he worked to identify bones of the
megalonyx and through whom he tutored
Meriwether Lewis, including recommendations for scientific inquiry on the Lewis and Clark expedition. ==Family==