Catherine was the younger daughter of
Gaston of Foix, Prince of
Viana, and
Magdalena of Valois, the sister of
Louis XI of France. She was born and raised during the reign of her paternal great-grandfather,
King John II, who was succeeded by her grandmother
Eleanor in 1479. Their father having already died, the crown of Navarre devolved upon Catherine's brother
Francis Phoebus upon their grandmother's death the same year.
Reign In 1483 the death of Francis made Catherine queen under the regency of their mother. Her uncle
John of Foix, appealing to the
Salic Law alien to the
Kingdom of Navarre, claimed the throne and ignited a
civil war (1483–1492) that reignited the old conflict of the Beaumont-Agramont parties. In 1484, hard pressed by ambitions over the throne of Navarre, Magdalena of Valois decided to marry 15-year-old Catherine to
John of Albret, hailing from a noble family in western Gascony. This marriage was favored by many of Catherine's Iberian subjects and would have given Catherine much needed support in her fight against her uncle's claim. The wedding took place at the Notre Dâme Cathedral of
Lescar in 1486, but the coronation of the young couple in Pamplona was deferred until 1494, after a fleeting peace treaty with
Louis of Beaumont, Count of Lerín, and Catherine's granduncle, King Ferdinand II of Aragon, was signed. However, the marriage did not garner the sympathy of the Navarrese Beaumont party, always preferring
Isabella I of Castile's and
Ferdinand II of Aragon's offer to marry Catherine to their son
John, Prince of Asturias, and even the Agramont party split. Catherine's mother Magdalena died in 1495. The marriage appears not to have been consummated until 1491. It is possible that the consummation, being a political event, was purposely postponed in order to prevent Catherine and her husband being declared of legal majority, which would allow Catherine's mother Magdalena to continue her regency. In any event, Catherine's mother Magdalena continued her regency even after the coronation of Catherine and her spouse in 1494, and continued to sign charters and other documents and be mentioned first. In 1494, Magdalena's regency was finally ended when Magdalena was taken hostage by Aragon, and Catherine personally took control over the government with her husband at the age of twenty-six. Catherine was described as “very mature, she had great courage, prudence and the magnanimity and always worked with all fidelity at the royal pledges to help the King, her husband, in the government as it ran to both their account.” In 1504, she made her will, confirming her son
Henry's right to succeed her and expressing her wish to be buried at the Cathedral of Pamplona—ultimately both she and John were interred in Lescar. The political alliance between the houses of
Valois and
Foix ahead of an
impending Spanish invasion led to marriage negotiations between Catherine and
Louis XII in 1512. It was suggested that Henry should marry a daughter of the French king.
1512 Castilian-Aragonese invasion Ferdinand, who had allied with the Pope against France, presented a set of claims to the legitimate royal family of Navarre. Catherine did not accept the demands, and Ferdinand sent
Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 2nd Duke of Alba, who occupied
Pamplona on 25 July 1512. The Castilians went on to conquer
St-Jean-Pied-de-Port (Donibane Garazi in
Basque) after setting fire to
Roncevaux, and wrought havoc across the
merindad of Ultrapuertos (
Lower Navarre). The Spanish troops would retain the southern half of that region intermittently for the next years. Catherine and John III, overwhelmed by the Castilian push, fled to
Bearn, constituent part of their kingdom. They set their base in
Pau, Orthez and Tarbes, where they alternately resided most of the time until their deaths. On 23 March 1513, the
Cortes of Navarre reunited in Pamplona (Iruñea in Basque), greatly reduced to the pro-Spanish Beaumont party, and pledged allegiance to Ferdinand in exchange for his loyalty to the
Navarrese laws. In 1515,
Upper Navarre was annexed to the
Crown of Castile as a different kingdom (
aeque principalis), and it would be one constituent part of the Kingdom of the Spains, as Spain came to be known during the following period.
Later years In 1516, two columns led by King John III and
Pedro, Marshal of Navarre, crossed the Pyrenees south and
attempted to reconquer Navarre but they failed to progress into the heartland of the kingdom. Devastated by the defeats undergone, John retreated to
Monein, and died on 17 June 1516. Queen Catherine did not outlive her husband much longer, and died in her domain of
Mont-de-Marsan on 12 February 1517, just a few months later. By then, she had given birth to 13 children (other sources point to 14). From 1512 to her death in 1517, Catherine was actual queen only in some areas of
Basse-Navarre, or Lower Navarre, north of the
Pyrenees, but her domains extended to the contiguous Principality of Bearn and other lands. ==Children==