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Caudron

The Société des Avions Caudron was a French aircraft company founded in 1909 as the Association Aéroplanes Caudron Frères by brothers Gaston and René Caudron. It was one of the earliest aircraft manufacturers in France and produced planes for the military in both World War I and World War II. From 1933 onwards, it was a subsidiary of Renault.

Alphonse (Gaston) (1882–1915) and René Caudron (1884–1959)
Born in Favières, Somme to parents who farmed nearby in Romiotte, the Caudron brothers were educated at a college in Abbeville. Gaston, as Alphonse was always known, intended to become an engineer but his education was cut short by health problems; René was interested in the development of mechanics and was a sportsman. After military service in an artillery regiment, they returned to work on the farm. They began to build their first aircraft, a large biplane, in August 1908. Initially unable to obtain an engine, they flew it as a glider, towed by a horse, and tested it through the summer. In September 1909, they finally flew it under power. By April 1910, they were able to make a return flight of to Forest-Montiers. René continued in the aircraft business until the fall of France at the start of World War II. He died in 1959. ==Caudron Frères and Caudron-Renault==
Caudron Frères and Caudron-Renault
Needing a more convenient base than the farm, the brothers established their factory in nearby Le Crotoy, on the eastern side of the Somme estuary about from Abbeville and with a broad, flat, firm, south facing beach ideal for flying. They set up a flying school there This activity flourished and by early 1913 a second school had been set up at Port-Aviation (often called "Juvisy Airfield") in Viry-Châtillon with a combined capacity of 100 to 250. Renault took a controlling 55% stake while René Caudron kept the remaining 45%. In August 1934, Hélène Boucher, on board her C 450, achieved the world record average speed for 100 kilometres, 1000 kilometres, and the world female speed record. According to Popular Aviation, by November 1935 Caudron-Renault was producing the following models: the C 272-3 Luciole (2-seat light biplane aircraft), the C 282-8 Phalene VIII (4-seat light monoplane), the C 360 (monoplane), the C 366 Atalante (a monoplane based on an earlier model), the C 440 (twin-engined low-wing cabin monoplane), the C 450 (1-seat racing monoplane), the C 460 (1-seat racing monoplane) and the C 530 Rafale (high-performance, 2-seat light monoplane). By 1936, Renault was hit by the Great Depression and, in 1938, it spun off Caudron-Renault into a separate, autonomous subsidiary in order to focus on its core automotive business. Messerschmitt Bf 108s the Caudron's Simoun and Goéland ranges, the Siebel Si-204, for the Wehrmacht. It also repaired aircraft. In February 1942, Willy Messerschmitt requested that Caudron produce the Messerschmitt Me 164, a Si-104 rival, but that was sabotaged. The Issy-les-Moulineaux plant was almost completely destroyed by RAF and AAF bombings that took place in September 1943, leaving it permanently out of production. In 1944, the remaining Caudron-Renault operations were nationalised by the French government and became part of the Société Nationale de Construction aéronautique du Centre. ==Aircraft==
Aircraft
(Association Aéroplanes Caudron Frères / Société des avions Caudron) • Hydroaéroplane Caudron-FabreCaudron Type ACaudron Type B.2Caudron Type CCaudron Type DCaudron Type ECaudron Type FCaudron Type GCaudron G.2Caudron G.3Caudron G.4Caudron G.6Caudron Type HCaudron Type JCaudron Type KCaudron Type LCaudron Type MCaudron Type NCaudron Type OCaudron Type PCaudron R.3Caudron C.159Caudron C.160Caudron C.161Caudron C.168Caudron C.180Caudron C.183Caudron C.190Caudron C.191Caudron C.192Caudron C.193Caudron C.220Caudron C.221Caudron C.230Caudron C.232Caudron C.240Caudron C.250Caudron C.251Caudron C.270 LucioleCaudron C.272 LucioleCaudron C.272/2 LucioleCaudron C.272/3 LucioleCaudron C.272/4 LucioleCaudron C.272/5 LucioleCaudron C.273 LucioleCaudron C.275 LucioleCaudron C.280 PhaleneCaudron C.280/2 PhaleneCaudron C.280/6 PhaleneCaudron C.280/9 PhaleneCaudron C.282 Super PhaleneCaudron C.282/4 Super PhaleneCaudron C.282/8 Super PhaleneCaudron C.282/10 Super PhaleneCaudron C.286 Super PhaleneCaudron C.286/2 Super PhaleneCaudron C.286/2.S4 Super PhaleneCaudron C.286/4 Super PhaleneCaudron C.286/5 Super PhaleneCaudron C.286/6 Super PhaleneCaudron C.286/7 Super PhaleneCaudron C.286/8 Super PhaleneCaudron C.286/9 Super PhaleneCaudron C.289 Super PhaleneCaudron C.289/2 Super PhaleneCaudron C.340 Micro PhaleneCaudron C.344 Phalène JuniorCaudron C.360Caudron C.362Caudron C.366Caudron C.400 Super PhaleneCaudron C.401 Super PhaleneCaudron C.410 Super PhaleneCaudron C.430 RafaleCaudron C.440 GoélandCaudron C.441 GoélandCaudron C.444 GoélandCaudron C.445 GoélandCaudron C.445/1 GoélandCaudron C.445/2 GoélandCaudron C.445/3 GoélandCaudron C.445M GoélandCaudron C.445R GoélandCaudron C.446 Super GoélandCaudron C.447 GoélandCaudron C.448 GoélandCaudron C.449 GoélandCaudron C.449/1 GoélandCaudron C.449/2 GoélandCaudron C.449/3 GoélandCaudron C.449/4 GoélandCaudron C.449/5 GoélandCaudron C.450Caudron C.460Caudron C.461Caudron C.480 FrégateCaudron C.490Caudron C.491Caudron C.500 Simoun ICaudron C.510 PélicanCaudron C.520 SimounCaudron C.530 RafaleCaudron C.560Caudron C.561Caudron C.570Caudron C.580Caudron C.600 AiglonCaudron C.601 AiglonCaudron C.610 AiglonCaudron C.620 Simoun IVCaudron C.630 SimounCaudron C.631 SimounCaudron C.632 SimounCaudron C.634 SimounCaudron C.635 SimounCaudron C.635M SimounCaudron C.640 TyphonCaudron C.641 TyphonCaudron C.660 RafaleCaudron C.670 TyphonCaudron C.680Caudron C.684Caudron C.685 Super RafaleCaudron C.690Caudron C.710 CycloneCaudron C.711 CycloneCaudron C.712 CycloneCaudron C.713 CycloneCaudron C.714 CycloneCaudron C.720 CycloneCaudron-Renault CR.760 CycloneCaudron-Renault CR.770 CycloneCaudron C.800 EpervierCaudron C.801Caudron C.810Caudron C.811Caudron C-815Caudron C.860Caudron C.870Caudron C.880Caudron KXCCaudron Navy Experimental Type C TrainerCaudron LEI ==References==
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