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CMG Spring Festival Gala

The CMG Spring Festival Gala is a Chinese New Year special gala produced by China Media Group (CMG). The Gala is a live variety show featuring music, dance, and comedy performances alongside official messaging, held annually on Chinese New Year's Eve since it was first aired in February 1983. It was recognized by Guinness World Records as the most watched national network TV broadcast in 2012 and is widely recognized as the world's most watched television program.

History
In the early 1980s, CCTV director Huang Yihe proposed the idea of hosting a televised party to celebrate the Chinese New Year, and the first ''CCTV New Year's Gala'' aired in 1983. With no money for recording and editing, the show was improvised and broadcast live. It was hosted by Liu Xiaoqing, Ma Ji, Jiang Kun, and Wang Jingyu, and the studio had four telephones accepting live requests from callers nationwide. With the permission from Wu Lengxi, the Minister of Radio and Television who was in the audience, Li Guyi performed the song for the first time on national TV. As the Chinese New Year's Eve is a time when the family gathers, the typical situation involves a large 3-generation family gathered in front of their TV set while making dumplings for the first New Year's meal. The Gala adds a mood of celebration in the house as people laugh, discuss and enjoy the performance. It has become an ingrained tradition on mainland China to watch the ''New Year's Gala'' on New Year's Eve. Rural areas that had previously been unfamiliar with concepts such as television would hold great gatherings on New Year's Eve to watch the program. Beginning in the 1990s, the Gala has been broadcast to the Chinese diaspora and millions of television viewers around the world on CCTV-4 with dedicated simulcasts for foreign viewers on the CGTN network since 2016. The Gala marked its pearl jubilee in 2013 and its ruby jubilee in 2023. Its 2008 silver jubilee edition also added up to the hype and excitement regarding the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics, CCTV being official national broadcaster of the Games. ==Politics==
Politics
In the early days of the Gala in the 1980s, the show focused almost entirely on arts and entertainment. Programming that was chiefly political in nature was very rare, reflecting the general openness of Chinese society in the 1980s and the departure of Maoist political dogma from the lives of ordinary people. Communist Party leaders took an interest in the show as early as 1984, when then-General Secretary Hu Yaobang watched the show and resolved to learn how to sing "My Chinese Heart" by singer Cheung Ming-man. Then, in 1990, Communist Party General Secretary Jiang Zemin and Premier Li Peng appeared on the show, ostensibly to participate in the celebration rather than disseminate a political agenda; Jiang gave a speech expressing his well-wishes. This six-minute live segment was the only instance national leaders participated in the program in its history. Programming with heavy political undertones began appearing in the gala in the 1990s. As audiences grew, the show became a ritualized event of national significance and experienced increased state involvement in its production. Often, segments of the show became devoted to celebrating the previous year's "national achievements" and a preview of significant events of the upcoming year. In 2008, state media reported that major officials from the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television were on scene during the gala's rehearsal to supervise its production. In that same year, a segment featuring migrant workers was inserted into the show on the recommendation of Premier Wen Jiabao. prominently featured Xi Jinping's anti-corruption campaign, with three comedy routines being linked to the theme. In addition, in a remarkable departure from convention, the 2015 show also featured Xi Jinping exclusively in a lengthy video montage during an opera-style song entitled "Give my Heart to You". The heavy emphasis on political content continued in 2016; that edition, believed to be one of the most political affairs since the show's inception, saw a return of the more familiar line-up of national leaders. Since 2017, however, the gala has not shown imagery of national leaders, opting instead of showcase various aspects of economic development or nationalist themes. Military The People's Liberation Army is featured in the show's programming every year, usually in the form of a song, although sometimes military-themed sketch comedies have also appeared. Many of the Gala's most prominent singers have a background in the performing arts troupe of the PLA, including Yan Weiwen, Song Zuying, Dong Wenhua and Peng Liyuan. ==Controversies==
Controversies
Workers Arena lighting effects (1985) In 1985, the gala was held at the Workers Indoor Arena, featuring a live audience scattered throughout the venue. Production staff were not equipped with walkie-talkies, so they improvised their communication with the artists by running around or gesturing from a distance to give cues. This led to the show appearing uncoordinated and exceptionally slow on television; the broadcast lasted over six hours, making it the longest gala on record. The live audience also moved about the arena throughout the event, creating distractions and noise for viewers at home. It also faced strong criticism for its poor lighting effects, which made the stage difficult to see. Chen Peisi sues CCTV distributor (1998) Chen Peisi and his artistic collaborator Zhu Shimao were household names in the 1990s, partly owing to their appearances on the gala. After their hit sketch piece in the 1998 show, a subsidiary of CCTV distributed their performances on VCD without gaining the pair's permission in advance. In 2000, Chen and Zhu sued the subsidiary and won; the court ordered restitution and rescinded their rights to Chen and Zhu's work. Thereafter, Chen and Zhu never appeared on the gala again. Dark three minutes (2007) In the 2007 edition, just before the clock struck midnight, the six hosts of the show assembled on stage suffered a mass breakdown referred to as the "dark three minutes". Zhu Jun, Zhou Tao, Li Yong, Dong Qing, Zhang Zequn and Liu Fangfei collectively started a chain of misread and mistimed lines. Zhang Zequn was the first to read his lines incorrectly, obviously reciting the wrong chunlian, although the audience still applauded. Li Yong then mentioned the transition from the year bingxu (year of the dog) to dinghai (year of the pig) and a greeting to "mother comrades across the country" before being cut off by Zhu Jun's loud declaration that the new year had almost arrived. Liu Fangfei, who was relatively new to the gala, then read a line that was obviously incomplete, followed by seconds of dead air. Zhou Tao tried following it up, only to be interrupted by Li Yong. Zhou then gave Li Yong an annoyed stare, obviously visible as the camera was focused on her. Zhu Jun then interrupted Li Yong again, only to be in turn interrupted by Zhou Tao before the ten-second countdown began. Host Zhang Zequn apologized for the incident on his CCTV blog. Role of women in society (2015) Some observers have criticized the Gala for resisting larger trends in Chinese society, such as the increased role of women in society and changing gender norms. The 2015 skit "Goddesses and Tomboys" (女神和女汉子), led by Jia Ling, faced particular derision online for its portrayal of strong female roles in society and its insensitive depiction of the "sheng nu" phenomenon. Ugly monkey (2016) In 2016, the Gala was criticized for planning to include a "virtual mascot", modeled in 3D based on a painting of a monkey by Han Meilin that was described as "a monster" and "ugly" by many. The digital mascot was also mocked on various Chinese social networks. Blackface (2018) The 2018 edition was criticized for a comedy skit focusing on Africa–China relations, and in particular, China's investments in African railways. The skit featured Chinese actress Lou Naiming wearing blackface and a prosthetic buttocks to portray the mother of an African woman. The woman had asked the host to pose as her husband so she wouldn't be subjected to an arranged date. However, after the host exposed the ruse by introducing her wife, the woman's mother excuses it, declaring her love for China and its people. The skit was ridiculed by viewers and social media, especially among local groups and diaspora, for its invocation of African stereotypes. Absence of pig imagery The 2007 and 2019 editions, despite celebrating the year of the pig in the Chinese zodiac, eschewed nearly all imagery and language invoking pigs. Some suspected this was due to official sensitivities shown towards Muslim minority groups in China (and in the latter case possibly due to an outbreak of African swine fever). Blackface (2021) The 2021 show again featured performers in blackface wearing approximations of African clothing. Like in 2018 it received criticism both within China and internationally. The Chinese foreign ministry responded to criticism by saying that it was not an issue and that anyone saying otherwise must have ulterior motives. ==Directors and performers==
Directors and performers
Directors and hosts Notes for rating and viewers data • 2001–2014 Data source: CSM Media Research. Recurring Performers As the program is watched by more Chinese than any other program, not just from China itself but also from overseas Chinese and viewers abroad via CCTV's international channels, a performance in the New Year's Gala could propel a relatively unknown name into household talk and national celebrity (and possible international hit status and social media stardom) overnight. Since the beginning of this program many great stars of Chinese pop music have been discovered, comedians started their careers, and Taiwan and Hong Kong singers earning not just exposure to mainland viewers but also attention from fans around the world watching the Gala live or on demand. An appearance by any major Mandopop star on the Gala will expose his or her music to overseas audiences, a newcomer's first song in the program guarantees not just fame and stardom but also a fanbase of millions of TV and online viewers. The following is a list of people who have gained their fame largely from their performances at the Gala, or whose names have become frequently associated with the Gala through the years. This list is not to be confused with the "guest stars" list below, which identifies celebrities who were famous in their own right prior to their appearance at the Gala. These individuals have been part of the Gala's long history, and are very much the people that many viewers remember from past editions. • Zhao Benshan; Gao Xiumin; Fan Wei; – skits, 1990s – 2010s; Xiaoshenyang – 2009 • Song Dandan; Chen Peisi; Zhu Shimao – skits, 1990s • Guo Da, Cai Ming, Pan Changjiang, Huang Hong, Guo Donglin, Gong Hanlin – skits, 1990s – 2010s • Jia Ling – skits, 2010s – 2020s • Feng Gong and Niu Qun – xiangsheng, 1990s – 2000s (decade) • Ma Ji, Jiang Kun – xiangsheng • Dashan (stage name of Canadian Mark Rowswell), gained his fame through the Gala, 1990s – 2010s • Song Zuying, Peng Liyuan, Dong Wenhua, Mao Amin, Zhang Ye, Han Lei, Jiang Dawei, Yan Weiwen, Yin Xiumei; folk and opera singers, 1990s – 2010s • Li Guyi, usually the performer of the last segment of the evening, "Nanwang Jinxiao" ("Tonight is Unforgettable") Guest appearances These performers have made appearances at the Gala. They are listed by alphabetical order (by their last name, or if they perform under an artistic name, by that name) based on the common name they are known by internationally. • A-do (duet with Zhao Wei in 2004) • Abao (2006, 2014) • Alilang Group, singing Doraji (2009) • Angelababy (2019) • Ayanga (2016, 2019, 2020, 2021) • Attraction (2014) • Bai Lu (2025, 2026) • Bi Wenjun (2026) • Cai Chengyu (2020, 2022) • Danny Chan (2009) • Eason Chan (2009, 2012, 2025) • Jackie Chan (1989; 1993; 2005; 2009; 2014; 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2023, 2026) • William Chan (2017–2020) • Angela Chang (2007; 2008; 2020) • Jeff Chang (2017) • Chang Chen (2015) • Kelly Chen (2019) • Chen Kun (2012; 2020) • Cheng Xiao (2025) • Charlene Choi (2017) • Steve Chou (2026) • Cosmic Girls (2017) • Cui Yongyuan (1998; 2006; 2013) • Jay Chou (2008; 2009; 2011; 2018) • Celine Dion (2013) • Dilraba Dilmurat (2019, 2026) • Dimash Kudaibergen (2018, 2023, 2025) • Fan Chengcheng (2026) • Fei Xiang (1987, 2012) • Fei Yu-Ching (2008, 2019) • Fire of Anatolia (2013) • Fu Yuanhui (2017) • G.E.M. (2015; 2017) • Curley G (2025, 2026) • Guan Xiaotong (2017; 2019; 2021) • Guo Degang (2013) • Guo Junchen (2026) • Hao Ge (2007, 2008) • Han Geng (2011) • Han Hong (2007; 2011; 2017) • Hou Dejian (1988) • Hou Minghao (2025) • Hou Yong (2016) • Lars Huang (2025, 2026) • Huang Shengyi (2008) • Valen Hsu (2016) • Hua Chenyu (2014) • Huang Bo (2014; 2018) • Huang Xiaoming (2018–2020) • Hu Ge (2016; 2017) • Richie Jen (1999) • Jiang Xin (2017) • Jing Boran (2017) • Ju Jingyi (2020) • Khalil Fong (2011) • Leon Lai (2000) • Lang Lang (2013; 2015; 2020) • Liang Qiqi (2008) • Andy Lau (1995; 1998; 2006; 2015; 2021) • Carina Lau (2020) • Coco Lee (2001; 2014; 2017) • Hacken Lee (2017) • Jam Hsiao (2011) • Lee Min-ho (2014) • John Legend (2026) • Gigi Leung (2016) • Li Jian (2011) • Li Ronghao (2020) • Li Qin (2026) • Li Xian (2020, 2025, 2026) • Li Yifeng (2019) • Li Yuchun (2015; 2020; 2025) • Li Yundi (2001; 2012; 2013) • Li Yunrui (2026) • Lin Chi-ling (2011, 2019) • Ruby Lin (1998, 2016) • Terry Lin (2019) • JJ Lin (2006; 2017) • Liu Hegang (2008) • Liu Huan (2020) • Liu Tao (2015, 2016, 2017; 2019; 2020) • Liu Xiao Ling Tong (1992) • Liu Yuning (2025, 2026) • Show Lo (2020) • Lu Chen (2009; 2010; 2012; 2013; 2019) • Lu Jihong (2011) • Lu Han (2017) • Ma Sichun (2020, 2025) • Ma Tianyu (2017) • Maksim Mrvica (2018) • Sophie Marceau (2014) • Mao Buyi (2025, 2026) • Mao Xiaotong (2025, 2026) • Karen Mok (2015, 2025) • Warren Mok (2015; 2020) • Wu Muye (2018) • Na Ying (1992, 1993; 1995–1998; 2000, 2001; 2005; 2013; 2015; 2018) • Ouyang Nana (2026) • OneRepublic (2025) • Pang Long (2006; 2007; 2008) • Eddie Peng (2020) • Phoenix Legend (2008; 2013; 2015–2017; 2019; 2020, 2025, 2026) • Qiao Xin (2017) • Qin Lan (2026) • Ren Yueli (2011) • Lionel Richie (2026) • Ronan Parke (2013) • S.H.E (2008; 2013) • Fiona Sit (2025, 2026) • Song Zu'er (2020) • Sun Nan (2012–2014; 2019; 2020) • Tan Songyun (2026) • David Tao (2007; 2015) • T-ara (2015) • TFBoys (2016–2020) • Jolin Tsai (2005; 2007) • Mike Tsang (2025, 2026) • Nicholas Tse (2000) • Twins (2006) • Wang Churan (2026) • Jackson Wang (2020) • Wang Kai (2017; 2018) • Wang Leehom (2003; 2010; 2012; 2013) • Silence Wang (2023, 2024, 2025, 2026) • Wang Xingyue (2025) • Wang Yibo (2021, 2025, 2026) • Wang Ziwen (2017) • Wanting (2013) • Westlife (2026) • Faye Wong (1998; 2010; 2011; 2012; 2018; 2025, 2026) • Wu Jing (2018) • Xiao Hu Dui (1992; 2013) • Xiao Zhan (2020) • Joker Xue (2025) • Yan Tiexin (2011) • Aska Yang (2019) • Yang Yang (duet with Tong Tiexin sing “Father and Son” (父子) in 2016, 2018){{cite web|title=CCTV New Year Gala 2016|url=http://www.whatsonweibo.com/cctvs-new-years-gala-2016/ • Yang Zi (2017; 2018; 2019; 2020; 2023) • Yao Beina (2007; 2010; 2014) • Jackson Yee (2025, 2026) • Sally Yeh (1996) • Donnie Yen (2016) • Frances Yip (1987) • Yisa Yu (2019) • Yue Yunpeng (2014; 2015; 2017; 2019; 2020) • Yuqi (2025) • Joey Yung (2005; 2007; 2009; 2010; 2011; 2019) • Jane Zhang (2026) • Jason Zhang (2017; 2019, 2026) • Lay Zhang (2017–21; 25) • Zhang Ruonan (2026) • Zhang Ruoyun (2020, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2026) • Zhang Zifeng (2025) • Zhang Ziyi (2000; 2001; 2008) • Zhao Wei (2000; 2004; 2016) • Zhou Dongyu (2019; 2020) • Charlie Zhou Shen (2021; 2023; 2024; 2025; 2026) • Zhu Yilong (2020) • Members of the Chinese Space Program (2007–2009, 2017) • 2008 also featured a poem dedicated to the victims of the 2008 Chinese winter storms with it being performed by eminent performers, including Li Ruiying, Kang Hui, Pu Cunxin, Wang Gang, Chen Daoming, Jiang Wen, Han Lei, Wei Wei and Zhang Guoli. 2020 included a tribute to the COVID-19 victims and medical staff, read out by Bai Yansong, Kang Hui, Shui Junyi, He Hongmei, Hai Xia, and Ouyang Xiadan • Then-United Nation Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon appeared in a New Year's greeting in 2016. == See also ==
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