Li Ka-shing

Li was born in Chao'an, Chaozhou in Guangdong Province in 1928 to Teochew parents named Li Yun-ching (1898–1943) and Cheung Bik-chin (1893–1984). Li and his family fled to Hong Kong in 1940 as refugees from the Sino-Japanese war. Owing to his father's death from tuberculosis, he was forced to leave school at the age of 15 and found a job in a plastics trading company where he worked 16 hours a day. In 1950 he started his own company, Cheung Kong Industries. From manufacturing plastics, Li developed his company into a leading real estate investment company in Hong Kong that was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1972. Cheung Kong expanded by acquiring Hutchison Whampoa and Hongkong Electric Holdings in 1979 and 1985 respectively. ==Business career==

Plastics manufacturing In 1950, after learning how to operate a plant, Li founded a plastic manufacturing company in Hong Kong with personal savings and funds borrowed from relatives. Li avidly read trade publications and business news before deciding to supply the world with high quality plastic flowers at low prices. Li learned the technique of mixing colour with plastics that resemble real flowers. After retooling his shop, he prepared the plant for a visit from a large foreign buyer. Fortunately for Li, the buyer placed a large order and a few years later, Li grew to be the largest supplier of plastic flowers in Asia and made a fortune selling them. Real estate In 1958, believing rents would continue to rise, Li decided to purchase a site and develop his own factory building. An opportunity to acquire more land arrived after the 1967 riots when many people fled Hong Kong, and, as a result, property prices plummeted. Li believed the political crisis would be temporary and property prices would eventually rise, and bought land from the fleeing residents at low prices. In 1971, Li officially named his real estate development company Cheung Kong (). Cheung Kong Holdings was publicly listed in Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1972. During board meetings, Li stated on a number of occasions his goal of surpassing the Jardines-owned Hongkong Land as a leading developer. The successful bid by Cheung Kong for development sites above the Central and Admiralty MTR stations in 1977 was the key to challenging Hongkong Land as the premier property developer in Hong Kong. Despite its size, Jardines decided in the 1980s to protect itself from hostile takeover by Li or other outside investors. The company implemented a cross-shareholding structure that was designed to place control in the hands of Britain's Keswick family despite their less than 10% holdings in the group. In 1984, the company also moved its legal domicile from Hong Kong to another British overseas territory – Bermuda, in anticipation of the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong to People's Republic of China in 1997. In an effort to drive forward divestitures of assets in Hong Kong and the Chinese Mainland, Li agreed to sell The Center, the fifth-tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong. With a value of (), the deal constitutes the biggest ever office space real estate sale in the Asia-Pacific region. In 1979, Li purchased a major stake in Hutchison Whampoa from Hong Kong Bank through Cheung Kong. Retail A subsidiary of CK Hutchison, AS Watson (ASW), is a retail operator with over 15,000 stores. Its portfolio encompasses retail brands in Europe such as Superdrug (UK), Marionnaud (France), Kruidvat (Benelux countries), and in Asia including health and beauty retailer Watson's store and wine cellars et al., PARKnSHOP supermarkets (and spin-off brands), and Fortress electrical appliance stores. ASW also produces and distributes water products and beverages in the region. Asset trading CK Hutchison builds up new businesses and sells them off when shareholder value can be created. Profits were obtained in the sale of its interest in Orange to Mannesmann Group in 1999, making a profit of . In 2006, Li sold 20% of Hutchison's ports business to Singapore rival PSA Corporation, making a profit on a deal. Group subsidiary Hutchison Telecommunications sold a controlling stake of 67% in Hutchison Essar, a joint venture Mobile operator in India, to Vodafone for . Internet and technology Li has also made a foray into the technology business, where his investment and venture capital firm Horizons Ventures is specifically allocated towards backing new internet and technology startup firms, and bought a stake in doubleTwist. His other firm, the Li Ka Shing Foundation bought a 0.8% stake in social networking website :Facebook for in two separate rounds, and invested an estimated in the music streaming service Spotify. In 2011, Horizons Ventures invested in Summly, a website-summarizing app. Notably, the investment made Nick D'Aloisio, Summly's founder, the world's youngest person to receive a venture capital investment at just fifteen years old. In 2012, Horizons Ventures invested in Wibbitz, a company that provides a text-to-video technology that can automatically convert any article post or feed on the web into a video in a matter of seconds. In August 2012, Li acquired a stake in Ginger Software Incorporated. In 2013, Horizons Ventures invested in bitcoin payment company BitPay. In February 2015, Horizons Ventures participated in a Series C funding round in Zoom Video Communications. Later in the year, Li participated in a Series D round in Impossible Foods. In 2016, he continued investments in technology companies and Horizons Ventures led a Series A round in Blockstream, the leader in blockchain related technologies, and also invested in a startup incubator fund Expa, that works with the founders to build new companies. In September 2017, Li worked with Alibaba's Jack Ma to bring AlipayHK, a digital wallet service, to Hong Kong. Water Through CK Infrastructure Holdings Limited, Li owns 75% of British water supplier Northumbrian Water, the remaining 25% being held by US private equity firm KKR. Despite losses of ~£22 million between March 2022 and July 2023, CK Group and KKR between them took £159 million in dividends from the organisation which in the same period paid its chief executive, Heidi Mottram, $1.24 million. In 2022 the business was fined £240,000 for discharging untreated sewage into a water course in northeast England over a period of two days. Australian tax dispute In 2013, a claim was lodged by the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) against Cheung Kong Infrastructure (CKI) to pay approximately in unpaid tax, penalties and interest relating to tax disputes concerning SA Power Networks and Victoria Power Networks. The dispute was resolved in 2015 when CKI entered into an agreement with the ATO. No penalty was levied against CKI and a sum of approximately was refunded from the previously paid to the ATO by CKI. Retirement After his almost-70-year reign over CK Hutchison Holdings and CK Asset Holdings, Li announced his retirement on 16 March 2018 and the decision to pass control of his empire to his son, Victor Li. He is still involved in the conglomerate as a senior advisor. Others Besides business through his flagship companies CK Asset Holdings and CK Hutchison Holdings, Li Ka-shing has also personally invested extensively in real estate in Singapore and Canada. He was the single largest shareholder of Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC), the fifth largest bank in Canada, until the sale of his share in 2005 (with all proceedings donated, see below). He is also the majority shareholder of a major energy company, Husky Energy, based in Alberta, Canada. Husky was acquired by Cenovus in 2021, and Li owns 27.2% of the newly merged company. In January 2005, Li announced plans to sell his stake in the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, with all proceeds going to private charitable foundations established by Li, including the Li Ka Shing Foundation in Hong Kong and the Li Ka Shing (Canada) Foundation based in Toronto, Ontario. Li was the non-executive director of the Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation since 1980 and became deputy chairman of the bank in 1985. He was also Deputy Chairman of HSBC in 1991–1992. According to Bloomberg, he had a net worth of in July 2021. == Personal life ==

Li was married to his first cousin, Chong Yuet-ming (1933–1990) in 1962 until her sudden death on New Year's Day 1990 due to a suspected drug overdose (other sources name the cause as cardiac arrest). She was the daughter of his maternal uncle (mother's younger brother), Cheung Jing-on (1908–1996) and his wife, Hew Bik-yin (1911–2002), who were also from the Chaoshan region. Both settled in British Hong Kong long before Li migrated to the city. He has two sons, Victor and Richard, both Canadian citizens. Victor Li succeeded his father as Chairman of CK Hutchison Holdings and Chairman of CK Asset Holdings, while Richard Li is Chairman of PCCW, the largest telecom company in Hong Kong. He is a follower of Buddhism. Li has been called "plainly dressed" for a Hong Kong tycoon. In the 1990s, he wore a timepiece from Citizen Watch and plain ties. He later wore a Seiko. In 2016, he wore a Citizen watch. Most recently he has been spotted wearing an Apple Watch. His son Victor Li was kidnapped in 1996 on his way home after work by gangster Cheung Tze-keung (aka "Big Spender"). Li Ka-shing paid a ransom of directly to Cheung, who had come to his house. A report was never filed with Hong Kong police. Instead the case was pursued by mainland authorities, leading to Cheung's execution in 1998, an outcome not possible under Hong Kong law. Rumours circulated of a deal between Li and the mainland. ==Awards and honours==

• Grand Bauhinia Medal • Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire ==Politics==

For many years, he was considered to be a pro-Beijing figure. However, in 2010s, tensions had been growing between Li and the mainland. During the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests, he refused to outright condemn the protesters, instead urging for peace and calling on the authorities to respond to the protesters humanely. On 4 August 2011 at the interim results announcement for Hutchison Whampoa, Li endorsed Henry Tang for the forthcoming chief executive election. Then Li said "You all can be just like me, one-person-one-vote ()." The media then looked at Li in disbelief, and pointed out that regular citizens do not get one-person-one-vote. Li then tried to laugh it off and said "maybe in 2017 they will have one-person-one-vote to choose the chief executive, I probably just said it a little early." However, Li was criticised by Chinese official state-run press agency Xinhua for being ambiguous in his opposition to the Umbrella movement protests and his support for Leung. Later, prior to the Legco vote, Li said that the largest threat to Hong Kong's future was if the government failed to ensure passage of the 2014–15 round of political reform. Li's business empire has a presence around the world, including China. Li came under attack from the Global Times newspaper in early 2015, when his companies put out word that it was considering selling prime Shanghai and Beijing properties. It became apparent that Li aimed at re-weighting his asset portfolio to more stable and transparent markets in the West. Security Times, a ''People's Daily publication, estimated that Li has sold at least worth of assets since 2014. The attacks stopped abruptly several weeks later, when editorials in official publications such as People's Daily and Beijing Youth Daily'' took a neutral stance in unison. ==Charities==

• The Li Ka Shing Foundation was established in 1980 with a focus on education, medical services and research initiatives. To date, Li Ka-shing has invested over HK$30 billion in projects covering education, medical services, charity and anti-poverty programmes, with about 80% of the projects in mainland China and Hong Kong. • Li's donation in 1981 resulted in the founding of Shantou University (STU) and the Shantou University Medical College, near his hometown of Chaozhou. Li has earmarked grants and contributions of over HK$12 billion to develop STU. In 2013, Li granted US$130 million to establish the Guangdong Technion – Israel Institute of Technology in Guangdong Province as a joint venture between Technion – Israel Institute of Technology and Shantou University. • In September 2001, the newest tower in the Hong Kong Polytechnic University was named after Li, following a HK$100 million donation to the university. • The Li Ka Shing Centre in Cambridge, England, houses a Cancer Research UK facility, which is a part of the University of Cambridge. The centre was named after Mr. Li following a £5.3 million donation, and was opened in his presence in May 2002. The Li Ka Shing Foundation endowed a professorship of oncology at the university in 2007 with a subsequent gift of £2 million. • In November 2002, the Cheung Kong Graduate School of Business in China was founded with a large donation from the Li Ka Shing Foundation. • The Li Ka Shing Library at the Singapore Management University is also named in his honour after a US$11.5 million donation in 2002 to the higher education institution. • After the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake disaster, Li reportedly pledged a total of US$3 million. • In 2005, Li announced a HK$1 billion (US$128 million) donation to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong. It was renamed to Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine on 1 January 2006, which provoked controversy between the university and quite a number of alumni of the faculty, notably Kwok Ka Ki, over the university's naming procedures. • Also in 2005, Li donated US$40 million to the University of California, Berkeley, citing that he was impressed with the university's accomplishments in the biosciences. In recognition of Li's donation, the university has named the campus' new biosciences facility the Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, which opened in October 2011. • In 2014, the Li Ka Shing Foundation provided a US$10 million gift to support UC Berkeley and UC San Francisco to jointly launch the Innovative Genomics Initiative (IGI), based on a new technology discovered at UC Berkeley by Professor Jennifer Doudna, executive director of the initiative. In the same year, the Li Ka Shing Foundation has also provided $3 million to Stanford University for exploring new ways of utilising biomedical data to improve human health. • A long-time supporter of Stanford University since the 1980s, Li is the principal benefactor to the US$90 million Li Ka-shing Center for Learning and Knowledge, which opened in Fall 2010 and is now the headquarters for the Stanford University School of Medicine. • On 9 March 2007, Li Ka-shing contributed SGD$100 million to the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in the National University of Singapore. Also, "to honour and recognize Dr. Li's support and generosity, LKY SPP will name one of its three buildings at the historic Bukit Timah Campus after him". • Li Ka-shing donated to St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto to found the Li Ka-Shing Knowledge Institute, which will serve as a medical research and education centre in downtown Toronto. • Li Ka-shing donated to the University of Alberta to found the Li Ka-shing Institute of Virology. • Li Ka-shing donated HK$160 million (US$20.6 million) to aid relief efforts in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake • Li Ka-shing donated to McGill University in 2013 to establish three exchange programs: the Li Ka Shing Initiative for Innovation in Legal Education, the Li Ka Shing Liberal Arts Exchange Initiative and the Li Ka Shing Program in International Business between McGill and Shantou University. • In 2013, Li Ka-shing donated US$2 million to the University of California, San Francisco to support their advance precision medicine initiative. The funds will be used to build a worldwide network of clinicians and researchers, launch leadership exchanges between UCSF and China, and create a systems-pharmacology program to develop more precise medications. • With a donation from Li of over HK$3 billion, Tsz Shan Monastery was developed over a period of ten years as an institute of Chinese Buddhist practice and education as well as a place for spiritual contemplation. It was opened to the public in April 2015. It has been rumored to be Li's designated burial area. • (Hong Kong, 28 April 2015) In the aftermath of the devastating 7.8 magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal and its neighboring regions, the Foundation has made a donation of US$1 million from its Just in Time Fund to provide immediate aid to help ease human suffering and to support ongoing relief efforts in Nepal. • In 2017, the Li Ka Shing Foundation donated US$3 million (A$3.75 million) to the University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research (UMCCR) (Australia) for precision oncology. The goal of this donation is to help accelerate the pace of discovery and increase the knowledge used to diagnose and treat cancer. • In 2017, with the support of a £20 million gift from the Li Ka Shing Foundation, Oxford University launched the Big Data Institute. The centre gathers researchers to analyse worldwide biomedical data and catalyze the development of new treatments for cancer, Alzheimer's and several infectious diseases. • In 2018, Li Ka Shing donated HK$10 million to Food Angel, a program that provides hot meals for people in need. • In 2018, the Li Ka Shing Foundation and CK Hutchison Holdings donated US$5 million for Palu-Donggala disaster relief, after Tsunami and Earthquake in Indonesia. • The Li Ka Shing Foundation funded the world's first circumnavigation of the Antarctic by a robot from January to August 2019. The 23-foot autonomous sailing drone carried instruments of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in an effort to enhance climate data collection so as to improve understanding of the Antarctic carbon cycle and as a test for a roll-out of up to 1,000 craft worldwide. • In January 2019, the Li Ka Shing Foundation supported the relief works of Médecins Sans Frontières in Bangladesh and Democratic Republic of Congo. • In February 2019, the Foundation committed USD2M to extend its vision of scaling socio-economic impact through technological disruption and innovation in Zhejiang and Shanghai. Later in July, the Ba De-nian Medical Education Development Fund and the Women’s Development Program were launched at the Zhejiang University. • In March 2019, the Li Ka Shing Foundation donated HK$10 million to support Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital’s "Transcatheter Cardiovascular Interventions Subsidy Scheme". This month also saw the Grand Opening of Tsz Shan Monastery cum Inauguration of Buddhist Art Museum. • In June 2019, the Li Ka Shing Foundation offered Tuition Free Academic Scholarships for students of Shantou University and Medical College with the incoming class of 2019. • In July 2019, Shanghai’s Little Pigeon Dancing Group’s trip to a dance competition in Japan was funded by the Li Ka Shing Foundation. • Future Now Expedition to Australia started off in September 2019 with the support of the Foundation. • In October 2019, the Li Ka Shing Foundation announced a donation of HK$1 billion to set up the Crunch Time Instant Relief Fund in support of local SMEs which were under duress from unprecedented challenges. • In 2020, the Li Ka Shing Foundation has supported the global fight against COVID-19 by sourcing protection gear from around the world and funding medical research and services. HK$180 million had been used for relief efforts, including making a donation of HK$100 million to support the frontline medics in Wuhan. • In 2019 and 2020, the Li Ka Shing Foundation granted over HK$200 million in support of medical and welfare services for Hong Kong. The "Love Can Help" Medical Assistance Programme offered financial assistance to patients falling outside the social security safety net and ineligible for government subsidies. "Love Can Help II" expanded support to the social welfare community; non-governmental organizations providing various services to the visually impaired, mentally handicapped and physically disabled, autistic children, elderly and underprivileged families. • In July 2020, the Li Ka Shing Foundation announced an additional HK$101 million in support of services for the citizens of Hong Kong: "LOVE CAN HELP II" - New HK$100 Million Grant In Support Of Medical and Welfare Service for Hong Kong. • In September 2020, the Li Ka Shing Foundation announced a grant totalling HK$170 million to four local universities simultaneously to boost Hong Kong’s competitiveness. • In September 2020, the Li Ka Shing Foundation contributed to PALLIUM CANADA to support frontline professionals in palliative care. • In November 2020, donation of HK$5 million for the publication of Hong Kong Chronicles. • In November 2020, HK$3 million emergency relief fund donated to relatives of the victims of Yau Ma Tei fire. • In December 2020, two Li Ka Shing Chair Professors, Prof. Michael Houghton and Prof. Jennifer Doudna, awarded Nobel Prizes 2020 in Medicine and Chemistry respectively. Dr. Qui-Lim Choo and Dr. George Kuo, members of Prof. M. Houghton’s team, were honored by the Li Ka Shing Foundation with the same Nobel prize money of US$380,000 each. • On 24 January 2021, the Li Ka Shing Foundation donated HK$20 million to support Precious Hospital (Caritas)’s Total Knee Replacement programme. • In February 2021, the Li Ka Shing Foundation presented PARKnSHOP coupons worth of HK$200 to all 97,000 Hospital Authority staff to thank them for unwavering commitment and dedication protecting Hong Kong people; a donation of HK$4.1 million was made to support for radiological examination at HKU Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine for patients with gastroenterology and liver diseases in Queen Mary Hospital. • In April 2021, an additional to support the University of Ottawa to carry out chronic spinal cord injuries research on top of a contribution of C$1 million in support of research on biomaterials in 2019. • In April 2021, the Li Ka Shing Foundation donated HK$4 million to support Hong Kong Kidney Foundation’s Home Nocturnal Haemodialysis program. • In July 2021, the Li Ka Shing Medical Fellowship for Internal Medicine was set up at the Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. • In October 2021, a donation of HK$5.6 million was made to support Sailability Hong Kong to provide opportunities for people with disabilities to learn sailing. • In December 2021, the Li Ka Shing Foundation donated HK$5 million to subsidise patients with chest pain to undergo coronary computed tomography angiography at LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. • From February to March 2022, Li Ka Shing Foundation made a donation of about HK$60 million to support private hospitals in Hong Kong to receive non-COVID-19 patients to relieve the pressure on the public healthcare system, and donated HK$5 million to fund elderly homes to purchase protective materials. • In April 2022, the Li Ka Shing Foundation donated HK$2 million to support the TREATS Inclusive Sports for All programme; and another HK$2 million to fund the Hong Kong Sensory Integration Training and Professional Development Centre of SAHK. • In May 2022, the Li Ka-shing Foundation and the CK Group each made a donation of HK$3M to the Community Chest of Hong Kong Pandemic Rainbow Fund • In May 2022, the Li Ka Shing Foundation donated HK$150 million to support the Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong’s research funding, HK$5 million to support the Hong Kong Academy of Nursing in promoting the continuing education of specialist nurses, and to support the Education University of Hong Kong in popularising AI education. • In June 2022, the Li Ka Shing Foundation launched the Construction Industry Casualty Assistance Programme to give a helping hand to the families of the victims due to construction accidents. • In July 2022, the Li Ka Shing Foundation made a donation of to support the haemodialysis programme at SUMC First and Second Affiliated Hospitals. • In August 2022, the Li Ka Shing Foundation donated HK$4 million to support research on obstructive sleep apnea and lung cancer diagnosis at LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong. • In January 2023, the Li Ka Shing Foundation donated to subsidise the Shanghai Little White Pigeon Dance Troupe. • Supported the GI Scan Subsidy Programme at the University of Hong Kong for patients with liver (March) and gastroenterology (October) diseases to undergo multiphasic cross-sectional imaging. • In April 2022, a donation of was made by the Li Ka Shing Foundation to support the construction of a new inpatient building of Chaozhou People’s Hospital. • In August 2022, HK$30 million was donated to support flood relief efforts in Beijing-Tianjin and Northeast China, and a donation of was made to support the medical aid program for the underprivileged at the Shantou University Medical College Affiliated Hospitals. • In August 2022, a donation of was also made to support Philanthropy Asia Alliance to promote innovative solutions to address issues of Asian and global concern. • In August 2022, the Li Ka Shing Foundation made a donation of HK$1 million to support Opera Hong Kong to launch the "Li Ka Shing Foundation and Opera Hong Kong Young Artist Overseas Residency Fellowships" to nurture local artists. • In October 2022, the Li Ka Shing Foundation donated HK$3 million to support the Hong Kong Kidney Foundation’s Home Nocturnal Haemodialysis Programme. • In December 2022, the Li Ka Shing Foundation donated HK$30 million to assist Gansu Earthquake relief efforts. • In March 2024, the Li Ka Shing Foundation made a donation of HK$10 million to contribute to the Transcatheter Cardiovascular Interventions Subsidy Scheme (2024-26) of Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital. • In May 2024, the Li Ka Shing Foundation donated US$4 million to establish Research Professorship in Hepatology and cancer research funds at the University of Michigan. • In the second half of 2024, both the LKS Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong and the Faculty of Medicine of the Chinese University of Hong Kong received an innovative non-invasive cancer treatment device Histotripsy systems donated by the Li Ka Shing Foundation. • Later, the Foundation also made donations to a number of NGO programmes, namely Precious Blood Hospital (Caritas)’s Cataract Surgery Subsidy Programme (HK$2 million), CUHK Medical Centre’s Urolithotripsy Surgery Subsidy Programme (HK$2 million), Concern Hong Kong’s Oral Health and Dental Care Program (HK$2 million) ), and the TREATS Sport For All Project for students with special needs (SEN) from low-income families (HK$1 million) ). ==See also==