Chromosome 6

The centromere of chromosome 6 illustrates an interesting example of centromere evolution. It was known that in a Catarrhini ancestor the chromosome 6 centromere was situated near position 28 Mb of the modern human chromosome. In Macaca mulatta, this old centromere went defunct and repositioned to a different chromosomal location. In the case of humans, the old centromere went defunct and a more recent form emerged near the modern position of human cen6 (size of 60 Mb). Such cases are known as Evolutionary New Centromeres (ENC). This assembly phenomenon of the human chromosome 6 gives researchers an opportunity to investigate the origin of the ENC on chromosome 6. ==Genes==

The human leukocyte antigen lies on chromosome 6, with the exception of the gene for β2-microglobulin (which is located on chromosome 15), and encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins among other functions. Number of genes In 2003, the entirety of chromosome 6 was manually annotated for proteins, resulting in the identification of 1,557 genes, and 633 pseudogenes. The following are some of the newer gene count estimates. Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes. Gene list The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome 6. p-arm The following are some of the genes located on p-arm (short arm) of human chromosome 6: q-arm The following are some of the genes located on q-arm (long arm) of human chromosome 6: ==Diseases and disorders==

The following diseases are some of those related to genes on chromosome 6: • ankylosing spondylitis, HLA-B • collagenopathy, types II and XI • Coeliac disease HLA-DQA1 & DQB1 • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, classical, hypermobility, and Tenascin-X types • Hashimoto's thyroiditis • hemochromatosis • Hemochromatosis type 1 • 21-hydroxylase deficiency • maple syrup urine disease • methylmalonic acidemia • Autosomal nonsyndromic deafness • Narcolepsy • North Carolina macular dystrophy • otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia • Parkinson disease • polycystic kidney disease • porphyria • porphyria cutanea tarda • Rheumatoid arthritis, HLA-DR • CIRS (Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ), Sick Building Syndrome, Mold Toxin Susceptibility / Poisoning, HLA-DR/DQ • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, ATXN1 • Stickler syndrome, COL11A2 • Systemic lupus erythematosus • Diabetes mellitus type 1, HLA-DR, DQA1 & DQB1 • X-linked sideroblastic anemia • Epilepsy • Guillain Barre Syndrome • Chordoma • Hepatocellular carcinoma • Schizophrenia ==Cytogenetic band==