• In 1561,
Tiberias was reestablished. During the same year
Gracia Mendes Nasi and
Joseph Nasi established in addition to Tiberias seven more Jewish villages. • At the start of the 19th century, a group of students of the
Vilna Gaon immigrated to the land of Israel and renewed the Jewish settlement in
Safed and surrounding area, and reinforced the Jewish settlement in
Jerusalem and
Hebron. • In 1860 Jewish neighborhoods were first established outside of the walls of the
Old City of Jerusalem. • In 1870, the first Jewish agricultural school,
Mikveh Israel was established. Non-Jewish immigrants also immigrated. In 1867, with the conclusion of the construction of the
Suez Canal, many Egyptian workers could not return to their homes in Egypt, which had been occupied during their absence, and many of them settled in Palestine. In 1857, the
Ottoman authorities encouraged people from all over the world to come and inhabit the land. American colonists, German
Templers, and Algerian refugees (who fled a coup) answered the call. Amongst them was the
al-Husayni clan, the family of
Mohammad Amin al-Husayni. During the same period
Chechen and
Bosnian immigrants also immigrated to the country. ==During the period of the First Aliyah 1882–1904==