In youth, apparently despairing over his father's exile to Greece in 58 BC, by 52 BC he had joined his father during his governorship in
Cilicia. During his time in Cilicia he served as envoy to
Deiotarus, king of
Galatia, and returned to Italy with his father in 51 BC. In March 49 BC amid the start of
Caesar's civil war his father gave him the
toga virilis at
Arpinum. When his father took Pompey's side in mid-49 BC, Cicero minor followed him to Greece and served as officer of a cavalry detachment. After Pompey's defeat at
Pharsalus in 48 BC, Cicero minor with his father was pardoned at
Brundisium. The next year he was made one of the three
municipal aediles at Arpinum with his cousin and one Marcus Casius as colleagues. During Caesar's Spanish campaign, Cicero minor asked his father for leave to join Caesar's troops in late 46 BC. However, Cicero minor evidently stayed at Rome, since by March 45 BC he was planning to go to
Athens for studies. While he was at Athens he wrote a letter to
Tiro, a former slave, now
freedman, of the family. In it, he said that he was practising declamation in Greek with Gorgias but had to let him go, because his father, whom he did not want to offend, had told him to. Cicero minor was then taught declamation in Greek by
Cassius and Latin with
Brutus, the two leading conspirators in the
assassination of Julius Caesar who, their deed complete, were in Greece trying to gain support for the
war against the Second Triumvirate. Brutus praised Cicero and admired him for his noble spirit and his detestation of tyranny. During his time in
Athens, Brutus gave Cicero command and used his services in a number of successful undertakings. While his father was in Rome leading the senate during the
War of Mutina, he sought to advance Cicero minor to the
College of Pontiffs. However, after the senate's defeat, both father and son were
proscribed by the Second Triumvirate at
Mark Antony's request in late 43 BC. After his father was killed in those proscriptions that December, Cicero joined the
liberatores led by Brutus and Cassius. After the republican defeat at the
Battle of Philippi in 42 BC, Cicero minor fled to
Sextus Pompey in
Sicily. He stayed with Sextus until the
Pact of Misenum in 39 BC, when Cicero minor returned to Rome. Graciously received by
Octavian, he was quickly advanced to a
priesthood (either the augurate or pontificate). Made one of the suffect consuls for 30 BC at Octavian's initiative, Cicero minor announced Antony's death to the senate and people. The appointment was one of political theatre, allowing Octavian to associate through the younger Cicero defeat of a Roman internal enemy (as the elder Cicero had done with the
Catilinarian conspiracy), distance Octavian from the crimes of the Second Triumvirate, and conjure the romantic image a son avenging his father's murder. Cicero minor had the senate revoke Antony's honours and tear his statues down, as well as decree that no
Antonii would bear the name Marcus again. "Thus the heavenly powers devolved upon the family of Cicero the final steps in the punishment of Antony". After his consulship, he was proconsular governor of
Asia. In 28 BC, he then served as
legate to the
imperial province of
Syria. == Legacy ==