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CJK Unified Ideographs

The Chinese, Japanese and Korean scripts share a common background, collectively known as CJK characters. During the process called Han unification, the common (shared) characters were identified and named CJK Unified Ideographs. As of Unicode 17.0, Unicode defines a total of 101,996 characters.

Ordering
The ordering of CJK Unified Ideographs within Unicode blocks (not counting those added to the block later) was initially determined by consulting the following four dictionaries. Primarily, they were arranged in Kangxi Dictionary order, with the other dictionaries consulted, in order, for characters not found in the Kangxi Dictionary, to determine which Kangxi Dictionary character they should follow in the ordering. • Kangxi Dictionary • Dai Kan-Wa JitenHanyu Da Zidian • Dae Jaweon This system is not used for more recently-added Unicode blocks. The Ideographic Research Group no longer uses the Dae Jaweon, nor the Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, in its work. The Kangxi Dictionary and Hanyu Da Zidian are still used and as potential replacements for existing source references discovered to be erroneous. Similarly, although a (real or virtual) Kangxi Dictionary index was previously provided as part of the submission data for UTC-source characters, this is no longer the case. Instead, the stroke type of the first residual stroke (first stroke which does not form part of the radical) is supplied with all submitted characters, and used to order characters with the same radical and stroke count within the new Unicode block. ==CJK Unified Ideographs blocks==
CJK Unified Ideographs blocks
CJK Unified Ideographs The basic block named CJK Unified Ideographs (4E00–9FFF) contains 20,992 basic Chinese characters in the range U+4E00 through U+9FFF. The block not only includes characters used in the Chinese writing system but also kanji used in the Japanese writing system, hanja in Korea, and chữ Nôm characters in Vietnamese. Many characters in this block are used in all three writing systems, while others are in only one or two of the three. This block is also known as the Unified Repertoire and Ordering (URO), especially when it needs to be differentiated from the other CJK Unified Ideographs blocks. The first 20,902 characters in the block are arranged according to the Kangxi Dictionary ordering of radicals. In this system the characters written with the fewest strokes are listed first. The remaining characters were added later, and so are not in radical order. The block is the result of Han unification, which was somewhat controversial within East Asia. Since single characters used in more than one of Chinese, Japanese and Korean were coded in the same location, and the modern typographical conventions and handwriting curricula differ slightly between regions (not necessarily along language boundaries—for example, Hong Kong and Taiwan, which both use Traditional Chinese, have slightly different local conventions), the appearance of a selected glyph could depend on the particular font being used. However, the URO applies the source separation rule, meaning that pairs of characters treated as distinct in a character set used as a source for the URO (e.g. JIS X 0208 as used in e.g. Shift JIS) would remain pairs of separate characters in the new Unicode encoding. Using variation selectors, it is possible to specify certain variant CJK ideograms within Unicode. The Adobe-Japan1 character set, which has 14,684 ideographic variation sequences, is an extreme example of the use of variation selectors. Charts 4E00–62FF, 6300–77FF, 7800–8CFF, 8D00–9FFF. Sources Note: Most characters appear in multiple sources, so the sum of individual character counts (108,493) is far greater than the number of encoded characters (20,992). In Unicode 4.1, 14 HKSCS-2004 characters and 8 GB 18030 characters were assigned to between U+9FA6 and U+9FBB code points. Since then, other additions were added to this block for various reasons, all summarized in the version history section below. CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A The block named CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A (3400–4DBF) contains 6,592 additional characters in the range U+3400 through U+4DBF. Charts 3400–4DBF. Sources Note: Most characters appear in more than one source, so the sum of individual character counts (23,997) is far greater than the number of encoded characters (6,592). Charts 30000–3134F. Sources Note: Some characters appear in more than one source, so the sum of individual character counts (5,239) is greater than the number of encoded characters (4,939). Charts 31350–323AF. Sources Note: Some characters appear in more than one source, so the sum of individual character counts (4,541) is greater than the number of encoded characters (4,192). Charts 2EBF0–2EE5F. Sources Note: Some characters appear in more than one source, making the sum of individual character counts (625) more than the number of encoded characters (622). CJK Unified Ideographs Extension J A block named CJK Unified Ideographs Extension J was added as part of Unicode to the Tertiary Ideographic Plane in the range U+323B0-U+33479, containing 4,298 characters. Charts 323B0–3347F. Sources Note: Some characters appear in more than one source, making the sum of individual character counts (4,406) more than the number of encoded characters (4,298). CJK Compatibility Ideographs The block named CJK Compatibility Ideographs (F900–FAFF) was created to retain round-trip compatibility with other standards. However, twelve characters in this block actually have the "Unified Ideograph" property: U+FA0E 﨎, U+FA0F 﨏, U+FA11 﨑, U+FA13 﨓, U+FA14 﨔, U+FA1F 﨟, U+FA21 﨡, U+FA23 﨣, U+FA24 﨤, U+FA27 﨧, U+FA28 﨨, and U+FA29 﨩. None of the other characters in this and other "Compatibility" blocks relate to CJK unification. While 龜 and 亀 are not considered unifiable, is considered a duplicate to . Charts F900–FAFF. Sources Note: All characters appear in more than one source, so the sum of individual character counts (40) is greater than the number of encoded characters (12). ==Known issues==
Known issues
Disunification U+4039 The character U+4039 (䀹) was a unification of two different characters (one with jiā 夾 phonetic and one with shǎn 㚒 phonetic) until Unicode 5.0. However, they were lexically different characters that should not have been unified; they have different pronunciations and different meanings. The proposal of disunification of U+4039 was accepted for Unicode 5.1, encoding a new character at U+9FC3 (鿃) to represent shǎn. Other 3 glyphs in Extension B In CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B, some characters were incorrectly unified with others. These characters include U+2017B (𠅻), U+204AF (𠒯) and U+24CB2 (𤲲). The first two characters contained a wrong unification of Chinese and Vietnamese source of their glyph, while the last one unifies the Chinese and Taiwanese ones. The glyphs for U+2017B (𠅻) and U+204AF (𠒯) were corrected in version 10.0, and the erroneous UCS2003 source glyph U+24CB2 (𤲲) was removed in version 13.0. Unifiable variants and exact duplicates Also in CJK Unified Ideographs Extension B, hundreds of glyph variants were encoded by mistake. Additionally, an ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2 report has found that six exact duplicates (where the same character has inadvertently been encoded twice) and two semi-duplicates (where the CJK-B character represents a de facto disunification of two glyph forms unified in the corresponding BMP character) were encoded by mistake: • U+34A8 㒨 = U+20457 𠑗 : U+20457 is the same as the China-source glyph for U+34A8, but it is significantly different from the Taiwan-source glyph for U+34A8 • U+3DB7 㶷 = U+2420E 𤈎 : same glyph shapes • U+8641 虁 = U+27144 𧅄 : U+27144 is the same as the Korean-source glyph for U+8641, but it is significantly different from the mainland China-, Taiwan- and Japan-source glyphs for U+8641 • U+204F2 𠓲 = U+23515 𣔕 : same glyph shapes, but ordered under different radicals • U+249BC 𤦼 = U+249E9 𤧩 : same glyph shapes • U+24BD2 𤯒 = U+2A415 𪐕 : same glyph shapes, but ordered under different radicals • U+26842 𦡂 = U+26866 𦡦 : same glyph shapes • U+FA23 﨣 = U+27EAF 𧺯 : same glyph shapes (U+FA23 﨣 is a unified CJK ideograph, despite its name "CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA23.") ==Other CJK ideographs in Unicode, not Unified ==
Other CJK ideographs in Unicode, not Unified
Apart from the eleven blocks of "Unified Ideographs," Unicode has about a dozen more blocks with not-unified CJK-characters. These are mainly CJK radicals, strokes, punctuation, marks, symbols and compatibility characters. Although some characters have their (decomposable) counterparts in other blocks, the usages can be different. An example of a not-unified CJK-character is in the CJK Symbols and Punctuation block. Although it is not covered under "CJK Unified Ideographs", it is treated as a CJK-character for all other intents and purposes. Four blocks of compatibility characters are included for compatibility with legacy text handling systems and older character sets: • CJK Compatibility (3300–33FF) • CJK Compatibility Forms (FE30–FE4F) • CJK Compatibility Ideographs (F900–FAFF) • CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement (2F800–2FA1F) They include forms of characters for vertical text layout and rich text characters that Unicode recommends handling through other means. Therefore, their use is discouraged. ==Font support==
Font support
The blocks CJK Unified Ideographs and CJK Unified Ideographs Extension A, being parts of the Basic Multilingual Plane, are supported by the majority of the CJK fonts. However, Japanese and Korean fonts usually have fewer characters (about 13,000 and 8,000, respectively) than Chinese. Extensions B, C, D are supported by additional fonts MingLiU-ExtB, MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB, PMingLiU-ExtB, SimSun-ExtB included in Microsoft Windows since Vista. ==Unicode version history==
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