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Clan Maclean

Clan Maclean is a Highlands Scottish clan. They are one of the oldest clans in the Highlands and owned large tracts of land in Argyll as well as the Inner Hebrides. Many early Macleans became famous for their honour, strength and courage in battle. They were involved in clan skirmishes with the Mackinnons, Camerons, MacDonalds and Campbells, as well as all of the Jacobite risings.

History
Origins of the Clan There are several different origins for the surname Maclean, however, the clan surname is an anglicisation of the Scottish Gaelic . This was the patronymic form of the personal name meaning 'Servant of Saint John', thus 'Son of the Servant of [St] John'. The clan's rise to power began in 852 with a Papal Bull of Charter and Protection for the Iona Abbey, issued by Pope Leo IV. Marriages with Clan MacDonald in the late 1200s, Clan Bruce in the 1300s, and Clan MacKenzie in the 1400s brought Clan Maclean into the Scottish royal sphere. Early Clan Chiefs The founder of the clan was a Scottish warlord named Gillean of the Battle Axe (1210–1263). There are stories of Gillean being descended from the FitzGerald dynasty. He was a (judge) and councillor to King David I of Scots. Gillean fought at the Battle of Largs in 1263 during the Scottish–Norwegian War, in which the Scottish were victorious. He commanded troops alongside Robert Bruce and over a dozen other Scottish clans to victory over the English. He died during the reign of King David Bruce and had three sons: John (Iain), Donald, and Neil. Fifteenth century and clan conflicts During the 14th and 15th century many battles were fought between the Clan Maclean and Clan Mackinnon. Battle of Harlaw In 1411, Clan Maclean fought with Donald Macdonald, Lord of the Isles, to claim the earldom of Ross, which was his by right of his wife, Mariota Leslie, countess of Ross. Robert Stewart, the ambitious the Duke of Albany, had denied Donald's claim because he wanted Ross for himself. (The young King of Scots, James I, was being held prisoner of the English king, Henry IV, and Albany did nothing to seek his release.) The Battle of Harlaw took place near Inverurie in Aberdeenshire on 24 July 1411 against a mounted army of knights led by Alexander Stewart, Earl of Mar. The Macleans were led by Hector Roy Maclean, "Red Hector of the Battles", the 6th Chief, and nephew of Donald Macdonald. Hector commanded the right flank of Donald Macdonald's army. Hector engaged in single combat with the chief of Clan Irvine, Sir Alexander Irvine. Battle of Corpach The Battle of Corpach took place in 1439. It was fought between the Clan Maclean and the Clan Cameron. Battle of Bloody Bay In 1484 the Clan Maclean fought at the Battle of Bloody Bay on the side of the Lord of the Isles, chief of Clan Donald. In 1588 the Clan Maclean attempted to capture Mingarry Castle seat of the chief of the Clan MacDonald of Ardnamurchan, using Spanish mercenaries from the San Juan de Sicilia. Hector returned for the Jacobite rising of 1745 but was captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London until 1747. He died in 1750 in Rome. During the rising of 1745 the clan had been led by Maclean of Drimmin who was killed at the Battle of Culloden. Duart Castle then fell into ruin. After the defeat of the Jacobites, the Macleans then served Great Britain with distinction. From that time onwards, all of the chiefs have been soldiers. Sir Fitzroy Maclean, the tenth Baronet, fought at the Battle of Sevastopol. Allan Maclean of Torloisk fought at the Battle of Culloden. He later commanded the 84th Regiment of Foot (Royal Highland Emigrants) in the Battle of Quebec. Allan McLane served in the American Revolution. ==Castles==
Castles
, historic seat of the chiefs of the Clan Maclean Castles that have been held by the Clan Maclean have included amongst others: • Duart Castle on the Isle of Mull is the historic seat of the chiefs of the Clan Maclean. • Ardgour House, built in 1765, lies on the shores of Loch Linnhe on land wreasted from the McMasters in the 1430's. The first Maclean of Ardgour, ‘Strong Donald the Hunter’, was the son of the 7th Chief of Clan Maclean from Duart on Mull. Ewan Maclean, 2nd of Ardgour was killed at the Battle of Bloody Bay in about 1482. • Aros Castle on the Isle of Mull, Argyll was originally built by the Clan MacDougall, was then held by the Clan Donald, Lord of the Isles before passing to the Macleans after 1493. • Aros Castle, Glengarrisdale, on the island of Jura, was held by the Macleans who came into possession of the north part of Jura. The southern part of Jura was originally held by the MacDonalds but by 1620 had passed to the Clan Campbell who complained that they were being harassed by the Macleans. This resulted in a battle in 1647 when the Campbells surprised the Macleans at Glen Garrisdale and killed many of them. There is a tradition that the severed head and two limb bones of one of the Macleans adorned a cairn near Maclean's Skull Cave. The castle was still in use when in 1690 the Campbell constable took action against the Macleans who had not taken the Oath of Allegiance to William of Orange. • Breachacha Castle, on the island of Coll, was held by the MacDonalds, then the Clan MacNeil and then by the Macleans. In 1431 it was seized by Maclean of Coll, but they feuded with the Macleans of Duart, who in 1578 captured the castle. In 1679 Donald Maclean of Coll garrisoned it against the Clan Campbell chief, the Earl of Argyll. New Breachacha Castle was built nearby in 1750 and the old castle then became ruinous. Dr Johnston and Boswell visited the castle in 1773. In 1886 the old castle had passed to the Stewarts of Glenbuchie but it was bought by a descendant of the Macleans in 1965. • Cairnburgh Castle, Treshnish Isles, Argyll, was originally held by the MacDougalls, then the MacDonalds and then by the Macleans of Duart. One story is that the chief Maclean of Duart imprisoned the chief of the Clan Maclaine of Lochbuie in the castle to prevent him producing an heir and that Maclanie's only female companion was an old, not overly pleasing woman, whom he made pregnant. Maclaine was murdered but the woman escaped giving birth to a son who recovered Lochbuie. In 1504 James IV of Scotland had the castle besieged when it was held by Lachlan Maclean. In 1647 the castle surrendered to the Covenanter General, David Leslie, 1st Lord Newark, and in the 1650s many of the books and records that had been rescued from Iona were destroyed in a siege by Oliver Cromwell's forces. The castle held out against attacks by the Campbells in 1679 but was surrendered in 1692. The castle was garrisoned during both the Jacobite rising of 1715 and 1745. • Caisteal nan Con, (castle of dogs) near Lochaline, was held by the Macleans of Duart and is said to have been used as a hunting lodge by those occupying Aros Castle. • Caisteal nan Con, Isle of Torsa, originally held by the Campbells, then the MacDougalls and then the Macleans. It was probably also a hunting lodge. • Castle Loch Heylipol, Tiree, was originally held by the MacDonalds and then by the Macleans, who were besieged in it by the Campbells in 1678–79. • Castle Spioradain, near Inverness, site of a castle formerly on an island that was held by the Macleans of Dochgarroch in around 1420. The name means castle of spirits and the story goes that during a feud between the Macleans and the Clan Cameron, several Camerons were executed and their bodies were hung from the walls. The ghosts of the dead are said to have terrorised the castle and the area. The site was destroyed when the Caledonian Canal was built and human bones were found. • Dochgarroch, near Inverness, site of a castle held from the sixteenth century by the Macleans who were known as the Clan Tearlach and who were allied to the Chattan Confederation. This clan of Macleans fought as Jacobites at the Battle of Killiecrankie in 1689 and the Battle of Sheriffmuir in 1715. This line now live near Glen Urquhart and also near Edinburgh. • Drimnin Castle, near Lochline, Highland, site of a castle held by the Macleans of Coll in the sixteenth century, but was demolished in the 1830s. Maclean of Drimin led the clan during the Jacobite rising of 1745 and he was killed at the Battle of Culloden. • Dun Chonnuill Castle, on one of the Garvellachs, Argyll, is a ruinous castle that was originally held by the MacDougalls, then the MacDonalds and then by the Macleans who now live at Strachur House in Argyll and are hereditary keepers and captains of Dunconnel. • Eilean Amalaig Castle, Isle of Mull, is where the Macleans of Duart marshaled their birlinns or galleys. • Glensanda Castle, near Lochaline is a ruinous castle that was originally held by the MacMasters but passed to the Macleans in the fifteenth century. • Gorm Castle or Loch Gorm Castle on the Isle of Islay was originally held by the MacDonalds and then briefly by the Macleans. The castle and island later passed to the Campbells and was still in use in 1745, but is now very ruinous. • Kinlochaline Castle, near Lochaline, was originally held by the Clan MacInnes but passed to the Macleans after the MacInnes chief was murdered along with his sons by the Clan Mackinnon. • Strachur Castle in Argyll was later replaced by Strachur House and is now occupied by the Macleans of Dunconnel, heredary keepers of Dun Chonnuill Castle. They were made Baronets in 1957. • Tarbert Castle, Tarbert, Argyll and Bute, although a royal castle the lands were held by the Clan MacAlister and then by the Macleans. • Torloisk House, on the Isle of Mull, Argyll was held by the Macleans of Torloisk. ==Clan Chiefs==
Clan Chiefs
ChiefSir Lachlan Hector Charles Maclean of Duart and Morvern Bt, CVO, Deputy Lieutenant of Argyll and Bute, 28th Clan Chief and 12th Baronet of Morvern. Chieftains • Robin Maclean of Ardgour • The Very Rev Canon Allan M. Maclean of Dochgarroch • Sir Charles Edward Maclean of Dunconnel Bt, 2nd Baronet of Strachur and Glensluain, Baron Strachur, and 16th Hereditary Keeper and Captain of Dunconnel in the Isles of The Sea • Nicolas Maclean of Pennycross • Richard Compton Maclean of Torloisk • Malcolm Fraser Maclean of Kingairloch == Septs ==
Septs
Septs are family names associated with a particular clan. Other family names associated with the clan include Auchaneson, Beath, Beaton, Black, Clanachan, Dowart, Dowie, Duart, Duie, Garvie, Gillan, Gillon, Gilzean, Hoey, Huie, Lane, Lean, Leitch, MacBeath, MacBeth, MacBheath, MacCormick, MacEachan, Macfadin, MacFadyen, Macfadzean, Macfergan, Macgeachan, MacGilvra, Macildowie, Macilduy, Macilvera, MacKlin, MacLergain, Maclergan, MacPhaiden, MacRankin, MacVeagh, MacVey, Paden, Patten, Rankin, and Rankine. ==Clan profile==
Clan profile
wearing a kilt with the Clan Maclean hunting tartan; his mother was a Maclean Symbols Members of Clan Maclean show their allegiance to their clan and their chief by wearing a crest badge which bears the heraldic crest and heraldic motto of the clan chief. The blazon of the heraldic crest within a clan members crest badge is A tower embattled Argent. The heraldic motto upon the crest badge is VIRTUE MINE HONOUR. Long before crest badges were used by members of clans, it is said that plants were used as badges. These clan badges consisted of plants and were worn in bonnets in addition to being used as a banner and attached to a pole or spear. The clan badge attributed to Clan Maclean is Crowberry. There are two slogans attributed to Clan Maclean. Slogans, are sometimes said to be war cries, other times they are said to be rallying points for the clan. Slogans used by clans generally appear as a second motto within the chiefs arms. Slogans of Clan Maclean include: Bàs no Beatha (from Scottish Gaelic: "Death or life") and Fear eile airson Eachann (from Scottish Gaelic: "Another for Hector"). ==Maclean Arms==
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