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Chennai Metro

The Chennai Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Chennai, India. It is operated by Chennai Metro Rail Limited, a joint venture between the Government of India and the Government of Tamil Nadu. As of December 2025, the network consists of two operational lines spanning 54.1 km (33.6 mi) and has 41 underground and elevated stations. The system runs on standard gauge and is powered by 25 kV 50 Hz AC overhead electric lines.

Background
A single electrified line from Chennai Beach to Tambaram began operations in 1931 as part of the Chennai Suburban Railway. Two other rail lines were subsequently built, connecting Chennai Central to Gummidipoondi and Tiruvallur in 1979. In 1965, the Planning Commission evaluated the capacity of the transportation network in major metropolitan cities including Madras, and developed plans for further expansion of transportation amenities. As a result, an initial stretch of the Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) between Chennai Beach and Chepauk opened in 1995 – the first elevated rail line in India. The MRTS later extended to Thirumayilai in 1997, to Thiruvanmiyur in 2004, to Velachery in 2007, and St. Thomas Mount in 2026. In 2006, a modern metro rail system for Chennai was planned, to be modeled after the Delhi Metro. == Planning and construction ==
Planning and construction
Phase I The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation was tasked to prepare a project report for the implementation of a metro rail system in Chennai. The first phase was planned with two lines covering with being underground. The first corridor would connect Washermanpet with Chennai International Airport extending for with being underground and the second corridor would connect St.Thomas Mount with Chennai Central extending for with being underground. The estimated base cost of the first phase was of which 59% was loaned by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The Government of India contributed 15% of the cost and the Government of Tamil Nadu financed the remaining 21% of the project. In March 2009, a US$30 million contract was awarded to a consortium of five companies headed by French company Egis for technical consultancy on the project. In August 2010, the contract for supplying rolling stock was awarded to Alstom for US$243 million. In January 2011, a joint venture between Larsen & Toubro (L&T) and Alstom was awarded the a contract for design and construction of tracks and a depot at Koyambedu. Contracts for the construction of underground sections of the first phase were awarded to Gammon India and Mosmetrostroy in February 2011. In June 2011, the contract for the construction of the ten elevated stations of the first phase was awarded to Consolidated Construction Consortium. The contract for the supply of lifts and escalators was awarded to a joint venture of Johnson Lifts and SJEC Corporation. The contract for power supply and overhead electrification was awarded to Siemens for and contracts for automatic fare collection, tunnel ventilation, and air conditioning were awarded to Nippon Signal, Emirates Trading Agency, and Voltas respectively. In July 2012, the first tunnel boring machine was launched and by October that year, eleven machines were operated by three consortia–Afcons-Transtonnelstroy, L&T and SUCG. In August 2012, a construction worker was killed and six others were seriously injured after a crane failed and crashed at an under construction site near Pachaiyappa's College and on 10 January 2013, a 22-year-old construction worker was killed and three others were injured at a construction site between Alandur and St. Thomas Mount. On 6 November 2013, a test run was conducted along a stretch of track. The project faced several delays and missed deadlines due to problems with land acquisition and cancellation of construction contracts. On 11 January 2014, a crane toppled over, killing a 20-year-old construction worker and seriously injuring another at Saidapet. On 14 February 2014, the maiden trial run was conducted between Koyambedu and Ashok Nagar stations. The metro received the statutory speed certification clearance from the Research Design and Standards Organisation in August that year. In January 2015, a report was submitted to the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety (CMRS) for mandatory safety approvals. After inspecting the infrastructure, the CMRS submitted the report to the Railway Board in April 2015. Operations on the Green Line between the Alandur and Koyambedu stations commenced on 29 June 2015. The Blue Line segment from the Airport and Little Mount stations commenced operations on 21 September 2016. The first underground section between Thirumangalam to Nehru Park on the Green Line opened on 14 May 2017, and the extension to Chennai central was completed on 25 May 2018 along with the section from the Saidapet and AG-DMS stations on the blue line. On 10 February 2019, the underground stretch from AG-DMS to Washermanpet of Blue Line was opened, marking the completion of the first phase of the metro. Phase I Extension In 2014, a northern extension of the Blue Line was announced by the Government of Tamil Nadu. The extension would run from Washermanpet to Wimco Nagar and consist of nine stations. Construction started in July 2016 with the first trial runs conducted in December 2020. The line opened for passenger traffic on 14 February 2021, increasing the length of the operational metro system to . The expansion costed of which 57% was loaned by JICA. Phase II In July 2016, the Government of Tamil Nadu announced that the second phase would have three lines spanning with 104 stations. Two corridors would extend from connecting with Siruseri SIPCOT and respectively with the third corridor connecting Koyambedu with on the Marina beach. In July 2017, the state government announced an extension of Phase II, involving a section from Lighthouse up to with an intersection with the Madhavaram–Sholinganallur line at Alwarthirunagar. The second phase would span with 128 stations. The stations for the second phase were designed to be smaller than the stations of the first phase to reduce the cost and time of construction. In 2019, the Madras High Court questioned the state government on the construction method of the tunnels and its impact on the water bodies. The second phase was estimated to cost of which was loaned by JICA. On 20 November 2020, foundation stone for the second phase was laid and construction commenced. On 14 February 2021, Prime Minister of India announced that the government has set aside for the construction of the second phase and its further extension. In May 2021, the CMRL awarded contracts to Tata Group, L&T and HCC-KEC for the construction of various sections of the second phase. In November 2022, Alstom was awarded a contract to supply rolling stock for the second phase. The contract included a provision for the supply of 78 train sets including 36 driver-less trains. In December 2022, a contract for the installation of tracks was given to KEC–VNC and Hitachi bagged the contract for the installation of signalling systems. In January 2023, Rail Vikas Nigam Limited was awarded a contract for the constructions of underground stations and Linxon was given the contract for the installation of electric traction. In May 2023, the CMRL announced minor changes to the lines' alignment and that nine stations would be scrapped in the revised plan. Hence, the total length of the second phase was reduced to . L&T was contracted for the installation of overhead equipment and control and monitoring systems. Tata Projects was awarded the contract to construct select stations in October. In December, the CMRL awarded the contract to ST Engineering for the installation of platform screen doors in the elevated stations of the second phase. In the same month, Shellinfo was awarded a contract for the installation of automated fare collection systems. In addition to the previously ordered Alstom train-sets, the CMRL invited bids in March 2024 for the supply of 96 train-sets for the second phase. , about of the second phase had been completed. In March 2025, the first trial run on the Phase II network was conducted on a stretch between Poonamallee and Mullaithottam on the proposed Yellow Line. In April 2025, trial runs began on a stretch between Poonamallee and stations on the same line. The RDSO conducted inspection on the same stretch in August 2025, and the Railway Board provided approval for the operation of signals on the line in December 2025. After the conclusion of safety checks by the CMRS in February 2026, the operations on to stretch on the Yellow Line is expected to begin in March 2026, with no intermediate stoppages at stations from Alapakkam to Saligramam. Phase II Extension In 2022, the state government proposed an extension plan spanning for the three under construction lines of the second phase. The proposal involved extension of Purple Line from Siruseri SIPCOT to Kilambakkam, Yellow Line from Poonamallee to Parandur and Red Line from Koyambedu to Avadi. The proposed extension of second phase lines from Siruseri to Kilambakkam, Poonamallee to Parandur, and Koyambedu to Avadi were projected to cost , , and respectively. In May 2024, the state government proposed a new extension from Madhavaram to Ennore. In May 2024, the Government of Tamil Nadu approved both the extensions of the Red Line from Koyambedu to Pattabiram and Yellow Line from Poonamallee to Parandur at an estimated cost of and respectively, forwarding to Government of India for final approval. Integration of MRTS is proposed to be handed over to Chennai Metro In 2017, the state government proposed to integrate the Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) into the Chennai Metro. In July 2018, PwC said that the merger would cost around to convert the rolling stock and install other facilities for the merger. On 11 May 2022, Southern Railway of the Indian Railways granted an in-principle approval for the integration of the MRTS into the metro. As per the plan, the railway would handover the MRTS to the CMRL once the expansion of the MRTS is completed. However, the extended second phase of the MRTS project, connecting Velachery with St. Thomas Mount experienced delays, and was completed in March 2026. Once the takeover is completed, CMRL will upgrade the MRTS system including tracks, security, ticketing system and rolling stock. Metrolite In 2020, a light rail was proposed to connect Tambaram railway station of the existing suburban rail network with Velachery on the MRTS, as part of plans to link the different urban transit lines in the city. Feasibility studies for the project was commissioned in February 2023 by the Chennai Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority (CUMTA). In 2025, the government decided to develop the stretch as a regular metro corridor. The CMRL is also involved in the feasibility studies for the development of metro rail transport in the cities of Coimbatore, Madurai and Tiruchirapalli. CMRL developed the Kathipara Urban Square as a multi-modal transport hub with parking and recreational areas. In 2023, the CMRL proposed the development of Central Square around its headquarters with commercial complexes and multi-storied buildings. In April 2025, CMRL announced that it has identified public spaces in Adyar and Velachery which can be transformed into public spaces similar to Kathipara Urban Square. == Infrastructure ==
Infrastructure
Network and lines Chennai Metro runs on and the lines are double-tracked. The trains can operate at a maximum speed of , and the average operational speed is . As of December 2025, the operational network consists of two colour-coded lines covering a length of . Rolling stock Alstom supplied the rolling stock for the first phase of the Chennai Metro. For the first phase, it supplied 42 train-sets composed of four coaches. The first nine train sets were imported from Brazil and the rest were manufactured at Alstom's facility at Sri City near Chennai. The trains are air-conditioned with electrically operated automated sliding doors. The trains usually have a first class compartment and a dedicated section reserved for women. The trains operate on 25 kV AC electric traction. The trains are connected to the grid via overhead lines and are equipped with regenerative braking with a capacity to recover 30–35% of the energy during braking. The electricity is supplied by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board, and the metro system consumed an average of 70 MW of power daily in 2014. Chennai Metro also uses solar power with an installed capacity of 6.4 MWp, which contributed to about 12-15% of the energy requirement of the metro in 2023. For the second phase, Alstom was awarded a contract to supply 26 trainsets made of three coaches each to be deployed on the Yellow Line. In November 2024, CMRL awarded a contract to BEML for the supply of 70 trainsets, made of three coaches each, to be deployed on Red and Purple lines. In June 2025, CMRL placed an additional order of 32 driverless trainsets. Stations installed in the underground stations A total of 40 stations, 22 of which are underground, are operational on the two lines of the first phase. In the underground sections, a walkway runs along the length of the corridor with cross passages every for the maintenance and emergency evacuation. The underground stations have an average width of and are located at an average depth of from the ground level. The average length of the stations in Phase 1 extension is about . The elevated stations have three levels with the concourse level at a minimum height of above the ground level and platform level above the concourse while the underground stations have two levels and are equipped with platform screen doors. The stations are air-conditioned and are equipped to be disabled and elderly friendly, with automated fare collection, public announcement system, electronic display boards, escalators and lifts. Paid parking facilities are available for two wheelers in most stations and four wheelers in select stations. Depots Chennai Metro maintains a major depot at Koyambedu which houses maintenance workshops, stabling lines, test tracks and a washing plant for the trains. In 2022, an elevated depot at Wimco Nagar commenced operations with facilities for inspection, emergency repair, and a washing plant. Three new depots at Madhavaram, Poonamallee, and Semmencherry, are planned as a part of the second phase. The Madhavaram depot is planned to be the largest depot of the Chennai metro. The Poonamallee depot was used for conducting trial runs in 2024. In 2025, a sixth depot was planned at Pattabiram as a part of the second phase extension of the Chennai Metro. == Operations ==
Operations
, the metro operates trains from 5:00am to 11:00pm. The blue line has an average frequency of every 6 minutes during peak hours and every 12 minutes during off-peak hours. On the green line, the average frequency is 12 minutes during peak hours and 18 minutes during off-peak hours. The main operational control center (OCC) is located in Koyambedu where the movement of trains and real-time CCTV footage obtained is monitored. In 2022-23, the average daily ridership was 0.25 million. Fare and ticketing The minimum fare is 10 and the maximum fare is 50. There are six types of tickets issued by CMRL for travel in Chennai Metro. • Single journey tokens, which need to be purchased each time for every journey at the ticket counter or in ticket vending machines available at all stations. • Stored value cards (SVC) are pre-paid, rechargeable, travel cards that can be purchased at any ticket counter against a refundable deposit, can be recharged up to at any ticket counter or in automated ticket vending machines at stations and offers discounted fares. In April 2023, National Common Mobility Card replaced the Stored value cards • Trip cards are for applicable for travel between the same two stations and are available in varied combinations and validity with discounted fares. • Tourist cards provide the cardholders unlimited rides on the Chennai Metro system for one day. • QR Tickets for single and return journey tickets can be bought through the CMRL mobile app with QR code ticket scanners at stations. • National Common Mobility Card, also branded as Singara Chennai card, a stored-value cum debit card launched in 2023 in association with State Bank of India which can be used to access all major other metro and select bus transport systems in India. == Incidents ==
Incidents
• On 17 June 2015, a 30-year-old man was killed and another motorcyclist injured when an iron rod fell on them at a metro construction site near Officers Training Academy at St. Thomas Mount. • On 27 September 2022, a crane used for transporting iron rods crashed near Ramapuram, causing the rods to fall on a Metropolitan Transport Corporation bus and injuring the bus driver, conductor, and crane operator. • On the night of 13 June 2025, two girders of the under-construction Poonamallee–Porur Metro section collapsed in Manapakkam, killing a 43-year-old man. CMRL imposed a fine of on the contractor Larsen & Toubro for the incident. ==See also==
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