Software support Flash Originally, web browsers could not render Flash media themselves, and required the
proprietary freeware plugin
Adobe Flash Player. Until 2008, there was no official specification by which to create an alternative player. Alternative players were developed before 2008, but they supported Flash to a lesser degree than the official one. Flash support was built into
Google Chrome,
Internet Explorer 10 (and later), and
Microsoft Edge. The last version of the Adobe Flash Player ran on
Microsoft Windows, Apple
macOS,
RIM,
QNX and
Google TV. Earlier versions ran on
Android 2.2-4.0.x (Flash was released for 4.0, but Adobe discontinued support for Android 4.1 and higher.) (Flash 11.2),
Linux (Flash 11.2, except for Pepper Flash which is maintained and distributed by Google, not Adobe),
PlayStation 3 (Flash 9), and
PlayStation Portable (Flash 6).
Adobe Flash Lite ran on
Wii,
Symbian,
Maemo Linux,
Windows Mobile, and
Chumby. Apple never allowed Flash to run on
iOS, the operating system which runs on
iPad,
iPhone,
iPod Touch and
Apple TV. In August 2016, Adobe announced that, beginning with version 24, it would resume offering of Flash Player for Linux for other browsers. Adobe stopped traditional support for the Flash platform in 2020 and both Firefox and Google Chrome phased out support of Flash.
HTML5 Almost all web browsers support
HTML and other
Web standards to various degree. Adobe released a tool that converts Flash to
HTML5, and in June 2011, Google released an experimental tool that does the same. , versions of browsers such as
Chrome,
Firefox,
Internet Explorer,
Opera, and
Safari implement HTML5 to a considerable degree. However, some portions of the HTML5 specification were still being implemented by browser makers. As of January 2015,
YouTube defaults to HTML5 players to better support more devices. HTML5 needs less processing power making it run faster on all browsers. The
multimedia integration with HTML5 is quite easy and creates better support for live video
streaming on mobile devices also.
Vendor neutrality Until 2008, the use of Flash was covered by restrictive licenses. The conditions prohibited use of the specification to develop any software (including players) which could render or read (and thus convert) SWF files, and required the output SWF files to be compatible with Adobe's players. and itself could not be copied, printed out in more than one copy, distributed, resold or translated, without written approval of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Flash was not an
open standard. It was controlled by one firm,
Adobe Systems. In contrast, HTML5 is controlled mostly by a committee, the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (
WHATWG). Various people have praised Flash over the years for rendering consistently across platforms. Constructing sites in Flash was a way to prevent
code forking, whereby different versions of a site are created for different browsers. Speaking at 'Adobe Max' in 2011, Itai Asseo likewise said that, unlike HTML5, Flash offers a way to develop applications that work across platforms. HTML5, he said, is currently implemented differently (if at all) by different browsers. Although the Flash browser plugin is not supported on the Apple iPhone OS, Flash applications can be exported to Adobe AIR, which runs on that operating system as a native application. In the same talk, Mr. Asseo lamented the return to another browser war (as seen in the late 1990s). If Flash falls out of favor, he said, web developers will either have to develop many different versions of their web sites and native applications to take into account different HTML5 implementations, deny access to browsers that do not support their version of HTML, or dramatically reduce the functionality of their sites in order to deliver content to the least-advanced browser.
Authoring Constructing Flash websites using Adobe tools is relatively easier than with integrated development environments for CSS, HTML, and JavaScript; however, many of Adobe's tools are expensive and
proprietary software. Because HTML5 is an open format, tools like those for Flash can be built for it, too. Applications like
Hype and
Adobe Edge are already on the market.
Performance Flash had a better performance than HTML according to a comparison of Flash with HTML in 2010 which listed Flash as being faster than the other technologies, when used for non-video animations, although they are catching up. Some users, more so those on
macOS and
Linux, complained about the relatively high
CPU usage of Flash for video playback. This was partially because the Flash plugin did not use the GPU to render video. Adobe has responded to some of those criticisms in the 10.1 and 10.2 releases of the Flash plugin by offloading H.264 video decoding to dedicated hardware and by introducing a new video API called Stage Video. The use of the newer
ActionScript 3.0 inside Flash movies instead of the older ActionScript 2.0 improves code execution speed by a factor of around 10. The software routines written by developers can also affect the performance of applications built in Flash, reasons that would affect HTML5 animations as well.
DRM Flash included
DRM support. The main HTML 5 standard does not include any
digital rights management functionality directly, instead the
Encrypted Media Extensions (EME) specification describes
application interface (API) for communication channel between web browsers and digital rights management (DRM) agent software. Historically, before EME introduction implementations could support DRM, for example in
codecs. The proposal to add DRM features to HTML5 itself has been criticized by those who consider openness and vendor-neutrality (both server- and client-side) one of the most important properties of HTML, because DRM is incompatible with
free software, and in the proposed form potentially not more vendor-neutral than proprietary plug-ins like Flash.
Accessibility Both Flash and HTML text can be read by screen readers. However, special care must be taken to ensure Flash movies are read correctly. For example, if a Flash movie is set to repeat indefinitely, this can cause a screen reader to repeat the content endlessly. Selecting the "Make object accessible" check box in Adobe Flash Professional would create a text-only version of the object for screen readers and hide any motion from the screen reader. Since Flash content was usually placed on a single webpage, it appeared as a single entry in search engine result pages, unless developers utilized
deep linking to provide multiple links within Flash websites and web applications.
User interface widgets in Flash objects would not always behave like their host native counterparts. Keyboard, mouse and other accessibility shortcuts may not have worked unless the webpage developer explicitly added support for it.
Search engines Both Flash content and HTML content could be indexed by Google, Yahoo!, and Bing, although bi-directional text (e.g.
Arabic,
Hebrew) is not supported by Google. Yahoo! added support for indexing Flash sites in 2008, although Google had been able to index them for several years before that. Bing added support for Flash sites in 2010.
iOS devices Apple promoted
HTML5 as an alternative to Flash for video and other content on the iOS, citing performance and security reasons for not allowing
Adobe Flash Player to be installed on iOS devices, including the
iPhone,
iPod Touch and
iPad. == See also ==