Background Nintendo began experimenting with
stereoscopic 3D video game technology in the 1980s. The
Famicom 3D System, an accessory consisting of
liquid crystal shutter glasses, was Nintendo's first product that enabled stereoscopic 3D effects. Although few titles were released, Nintendo helped design one—called
Famicom Grand Prix II: 3D Hot Rally—which was co-developed by Nintendo and HAL Laboratory and released in 1988. The Famicom 3D System failed to garner market interest and was never released outside Japan. Nintendo's second attempt with 3D development was the
Virtual Boy, designed by
Gunpei Yokoi, creator of the
Game Boy handheld console,
Kid Icarus, and popular
Metroid video game. It was a portable table-top system consisting of separate handheld controller and goggles that used two tiny, rapidly oscillating mirrors to achieve
stereoscopic monochrome 3D. Released in 1995, the Virtual Boy sold fewer than a million units, with only
22 compatible game titles released, and was widely considered to be a
commercial failure.
Shigeru Miyamoto, known for his work on popular game franchises such as
Mario and
The Legend of Zelda, commented in a 2011 interview that he felt conflicted about Yokoi's decision to use wire-frame models for 3D and suggested that the product may not have been marketed correctly. Despite this, Nintendo continued to investigate the incorporation of 3D technology into later products. The
GameCube, released in 2001, was also capable of displaying true stereoscopic 3D with an
LCD attachment, though only the launch title ''
Luigi's Mansion'' was ever designed to utilize it. While a working internal prototype was created, the add-on itself was never released due to its expensive cost, leaving the feature unavailable outside of development. Nintendo later experimented with a 3D LCD during the development of the
Game Boy Advance SP, but the idea was shelved after it failed to achieve satisfactory results. Another attempt was made in preparation for a virtual navigation guide to be used on the
Nintendo DS at
Shigureden, an interactive museum in Japan. Nintendo president
Hiroshi Yamauchi encouraged additional 3D research in an effort to use the technology in the exhibition. Although the project fell short, Nintendo was able to collect valuable research on liquid crystal which would later aid in the development of the Nintendo 3DS. In October 2009,
tech tabloid Bright Side of News reported that
Nvidia, a
graphics processing unit (GPU) developer that recently made headway with its
Tegra System-on-Chip processors, had been selected by Nintendo to develop hardware for their next generation portable game console. Later that month, speaking about the future for Nintendo's portable consoles, company president
Satoru Iwata mentioned that while
mobile broadband connectivity via subscription "doesn't fit Nintendo customers", he was interested in exploring options like
Amazon's Whispernet found on the
Amazon Kindle which provides free wireless connectivity to its customers for the sole purpose of browsing and purchasing content from the Kindle Store. Nintendo had expressed interest in motion-sensing capabilities since the development of the original Nintendo DS, and an alleged comment by Satoru Iwata from a 2010 interview with
Asahi Shimbun implied that the successor to the Nintendo DS would incorporate a motion sensor. The claim led to a minor dispute between the publication and Nintendo over its accuracy. In February 2010, video gaming website
Computer and Video Games reported that a select "handful" of Japanese developers were in possession of
software development kits for the
Nintendo DS successor, with
The Pokémon Company given special priority. According to their insider at an unspecified
third-party development studio, the hardware features a "tilt" function that is similar to that of the
iPhone, "but does a lot more".
Announcement unveiling involved an elaborate stage with moving set pieces. On March 23, 2010, Nintendo officially announced the Nintendo 3DS handheld console. In April 2010, a picture of a possible development build of the internal components of the 3DS was released as part of a U.S.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) filing by
Mitsumi. An analysis of the image showed that it was likely genuine as it featured components known to be used in the Nintendo DS line along with features of the 3DS that had not been announced like a 5:3 top screen and a control nub similar to those used in
Sony's
PlayStation Portable systems. In June 2010, video gaming website
IGN reported that according to "several developers who have experienced 3DS in its current form," the system possesses processing power that "far exceed[s] the Nintendo Wii" and with 3D shaders, they could make games that "look close to current generation visuals on the
Xbox 360 and
PlayStation 3". IGN also cited "several developer sources" as saying that the system does not use the
Nvidia Tegra mobile chipset. The system was fully revealed at Nintendo's conference at
E3 2010 on June 15, 2010. The first game revealed was
Kid Icarus: Uprising, and several other titles from third parties were also announced, including
Square Enix with
Kingdom Hearts 3D,
Konami with
Metal Gear Solid: Snake Eater 3D,
Ubisoft with ''
Assassin's Creed: Lost Legacy, and Capcom with Resident Evil: Revelations and Super Street Fighter IV: 3D Edition. Other Nintendo-developed titles revealed after the conference included Mario Kart 7 (then named Mario Kart 3DS
), Animal Crossing: New Leaf, Star Fox 64 3D, and The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time 3D. Nintendo also demoed 3D trailers of the movies How to Train Your Dragon, Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole, and Tangled'' on the 3DS. The 3DS design shown at E3 was almost final, but subject to minor changes. On September 29, 2010, Nintendo announced that the Nintendo 3DS would be released in Japan on February 26, 2011. Furthermore, several additional features were announced: the inclusion of a
Mii Maker (similar to the
Mii Channel on the
Wii),
Virtual Console (including
Game Boy and
Game Boy Color),
3D Classics, a cradle for recharging the system's battery, multitasking, several included augmented reality games, an included 2 GB
SD card, and stored game data, as well as the final names for the 3DS tag modes,
StreetPass and SpotPass. Nintendo further revealed that the system would be available at launch in two colors, "Aqua Blue" and "Cosmo Black", and that its launch price in Japan would be ¥25,000. The final physical design was also revealed at this event.
Pre-launch events On January 19, 2011, Nintendo held two simultaneous press conferences in
Amsterdam and
New York City, where it revealed all of the features of the Nintendo 3DS. In North America, the release date was confirmed as March 27, 2011, with a retail price of $249.99. In Europe, the release date was announced as March 25, 2011, though Nintendo said that pricing would be up to retailers. Most retailers priced the handheld between £219.99 and £229.99, though some retailers, such as
Amazon, lowered the price following
Sony's announcement of the
PSP's successor on January 26, 2011, with some retailers pricing the handheld at around £200 in February. In February 2011, Nintendo held four hands-on events in the UK named "Believe Your Eyes". February 5 and 6 saw simultaneous events in
London and
Manchester, while the 12th and 13th saw events in
Glasgow and
Bristol. Invitations to the events were offered first to
Club Nintendo members, then later to members of the public via an online registration form. Guests watched two brief performances and trailers, then were given time to play a selection of games on 3DS devices. Attendees were then allowed into a second room, containing further games to play (mainly
augmented reality-based) and in-device videos.
Launch The Nintendo 3DS launched in Japan on February 26, 2011 (priced at ), followed by releases in Europe on March 25, North America on March 27, and Australia on March 31. The handheld quickly ran into slower-than-expected sales due to several factors. Most notably, the 3DS's price of , the highest ever for a Nintendo handheld, deterred many consumers, especially compared to the original Nintendo DS, which launched at $150 in 2004. The compact design of the launch model also drew criticism, as it proved uncomfortable for prolonged use by adults. Meanwhile, the device's stereoscopic 3D effect, though technologically impressive, caused eye fatigue and came with a warning that it should not be used by children under six, one of Nintendo's core demographics. Lastly, the launch lineup lacked any flagship Nintendo franchises. The rise of
mobile gaming on a
phone also led to diminishing interest in handheld consoles in general, affecting the 3DS's sales. In response, Nintendo announced a major price cut on July 28, 2011, reducing the console's price by nearly a third, to in North America and in Japan. To appease early adopters, Nintendo launched the 3DS Ambassador Program, offering 20 free classic games to users who accessed the eShop before August 21. These included ten
NES titles, such as
Super Mario Bros.,
The Legend of Zelda, and
Metroid, as well as ten
Game Boy Advance games, including
Mario Kart: Super Circuit,
The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap, and
WarioWare, Inc.: Mega Microgames!. The 3DS expanded to new markets with its South Korean release on April 28, 2012, followed by launches in Hong Kong and Taiwan on September 28, 2012. Maxsoft distributed console to Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, United Arab Emirates and Sunder Electronics to India. Nintendo also addressed design criticisms by introducing cheaper hardware options that ditched the stereoscopic 3D screens (
Nintendo 2DS) and larger hardware models. it officially announced the Nintendo 3DS XL on June 21, 2012, during a
Nintendo Direct presentation. This new version, featuring screens 90% larger than the original, was released worldwide later that year, providing a more comfortable option for extended play. In Europe, the system launched on the same day but in
Silver + Black,
Blue + Black and
Red + Black color variations. On August 23, 2012, Australia and New Zealand saw the launch of the new handheld, priced at
AU$249.95, and available in the same color variations as in Europe,
Silver + Black,
Blue + Black and
Red + Black. The launch of the Nintendo 3DS XL coincided with the release of
New Super Mario Bros. 2, the first Nintendo 3DS game to be available in both retail and downloadable versions. On September 20, 2012, the Nintendo 3DS XL launched in South Korea, in
Silver + Black,
Red + Black, and
White color variations. On September 28, 2012, the system launched in two other regions, Hong Kong and Taiwan, in
Blue + Black and
White color variations. In December 2012, Nintendo Chinese distribution partner,
iQue, launched the
iQue 3DS XL in three special editions, one featuring a
Mario decal while the other two feature both Mario and
Luigi.
Later years Nintendo unveiled its next console, the
Nintendo Switch, in October 2016, with a global release in March 2017. The Switch is a hybrid video game console that functions both as a home console when docked to a television, and as a handheld system. Although Nintendo avoided positioning the Switch as a direct successor to the Wii U or 3DS, it gradually assumed their roles as the company's main home and handheld console. The Wii U was discontinued shortly before the Switch's launch, while the 3DS remained in production until 2020 as an entry-level option for younger players. At the time of the Switch's release, Nintendo executives, including Reggie Fils-Aimé, expressed confidence in the 3DS's ability to coexist alongside the Switch. In 2017, Fils-Aimé reaffirmed support for the 3DS beyond 2018. However, that same year, sales of the New Nintendo 3DS ended in Europe and Japan, leaving the New Nintendo 3DS XL and New Nintendo 2DS XL as the only models available. In June 2018, Nintendo suggested that it was exploring options for a potential successor to the 3DS. In July 2019, the company introduced the
Nintendo Switch Lite—a lower-cost, handheld-only version of the Switch—while still maintaining that the 3DS would be supported as long as consumer demand persisted. By that time, however, 3DS sales had dropped nearly 50% year-over-year, the release schedule had slowed to a trickle, and Nintendo had quietly scaled back its support for the platform. Its last original first-party release was
WarioWare Gold, a 2018 minigame collection. Despite dwindling demand, Nintendo would continue supporting the 3DS family until it was officially discontinued on September 16, 2020. The 3DS eShop closed on March 27, 2023, and Nintendo Network online services were discontinued on April 8, 2024. == Hardware ==